地球内部物质的运动与动力  

The driving force and movement of materials in the Earth's interior

作　　者：滕吉文[1] 宋鹏汉 张雪梅[3] 刘有山[1] 乔勇虎[1,2] 马学英[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所,北京100029 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国地震台网中心,北京100045

出　　处：《科学通报》2016年第18期1995-2019,共25页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所自主研究项目(31531180)资助

摘　　要：地球物理学研究的主体内涵是地球内部物理学,而地球内部物理学研究的核心则是地球内部结构、物质的运动和力源及其响应.在研究和探索地球内部物质与能量交换的深层过程与力源机制的基础上提出:(1)地球内部各圈层结构和物质组成是研究物质运动、介质属性、结构和深层过程的基础;(2)大陆漂移、海底扩张和板块运动是地球内部岩石圈物质飘曳在软流圈上运动极为重要的地球科学事件,大陆溢流玄武岩的喷发和地幔热柱的上升体现了水平力系与垂直力系并存和其耦合响应;(3)强烈地震的发生、火山喷发、青藏高原的整体抬升、第二深度空间金属矿产资源、油气能源形成与聚集是地球内部物质与能量交换的产物;(4)地球内部物质运动的驱动力源是其物质力学属性研究与探索的核心问题之一,但有关一系列的假说却难以解释发生在地球上的诸多事件,唯地幔对流说取得了较多的共识,由于尚缺乏可靠的精确实测论据,故乃为一假说;(5)地球内部放射性元素蜕变和核-幔热动力边界层及其产生的热能可能是驱动地球内部物质运动最可能的能源.地球内部是否可能还存在像天体运动研究中最近提出的'暗物质'和'暗能量'呢?为此尚必须深化认识地球本体.The main connotation of geophysical research is the physics of the Earth’s interior whose core issue includes the Earth’s internal structure, the forces and responses for the motion of materials. Based on the researches of deep exchange process and dynamic source mechanism of material and energy in the Earth’s interior, we draw the following conclusions：（1） The layered structure and material composition of the Earth’s interior lay a solid foundation for the researches of the material movement, the properties and structures of the medium, and the deep processes in the Earth’s interior.（2） The important geoscience events, such as the continental drift, sea-floor spreading and plate motion indicate that the lithosphere is flowing on the asthenosphere. The eruption of continental flood basalt and the upwelling of hot mantle plume reflect the coupled responses and coexistences of the horizontal and vertical force systems.（3） The exchange process of material and energy in the Earth’s interior bring up many products, such as the strong earthquake, the eruption of volcano, the elevation of Tibet Plateau, metal mineral resources in the second deep space, and the formation of oil and gas field.（4） In related to the researches of mechanics properties of the Earth medium, although the driving source of material movement in the Earth’s interior become one of the key problems, a series of involved hypothesis cannot explain many geosciences events very well. The mantle convection theory acquire some consensus, however it is still a hypothesis due to the lack of reliable and high precision measured data.（5） The heat from radioactive decay and the thermodynamic boundary layer at core-mantle boundary may be the driving source of the deep processes in the Earth’s interior. Whether the dark matter and dark material recently proposed by in the studies of astronomical movement are analogously exist in the Earth’s interior, which needs to deepen the understanding of the Earth.

关 键 词：地球内部 壳、幔结构 物质与能量交换 动力学响应 力源机制 

分 类 号：P542.5[天文地球—构造地质学]