山东省农村8～10岁学龄儿童饮水及食盐摄入现状的调查研究  

Survey on the situation of water drinking and table salt intake in 8-10 year-old school children in country of Shandong Province

作　　者：谭龙[1] 石慧 郭晓慧[1] 陈雯[1] 王文强[1] 田晓晓[1] 罗之纲 张万起[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津医科大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学系,天津300070 [2]康师傅控股有限公司中央研究所

出　　处：《卫生研究》2016年第4期599-602,共4页Journal of Hygiene Research

摘　　要：目的了解山东省农村学龄儿童饮水及膳食盐摄入现状和问题,初步探讨饮水对钠排出的影响。方法选择山东德州地区8-10岁的在校儿童作为调查对象,通过三天膳食调查法调查儿童日常膳食盐摄入情况及饮水量,同时采集儿童24 h尿,测定尿钠浓度并计算每日钠的排出量,评价儿童每日盐摄入水平及饮水对钠排出的影响。结果本次调查一共调查了554名在校儿童,其中男孩246人,女孩298人。调查结果显示,约有80.7%的被调查儿童存在不同程度的饮水不足,约有28.7%（159/554）的儿童存在盐摄入过量,钠盐摄入较多时,伴有饮水量的明显增加,但尿钠排出量未见明显增加,结果还显示儿童的饮水量普遍偏低,未达到足够饮水量时,随着饮水量的减少,尿量未见明显减少,但当饮水量少于600 m L时,尿钠浓度明显增高（P〈0.05）。相关分析显示尿钠浓度与钠排出量也存在较强的正相关关系（r=0.635,P=0.000）,同时也观察到增加饮水在一定程度上可降低尿钠浓度（r=-0.272,P=0.000）。结论学龄儿童饮水量不足问题较严重,控制盐摄入量还需要保障足量的饮水,有利于维持正常的水盐代谢平衡。Objective To understand the situation and problems on water drinking and table salt intake in school children in Shandong Province,to discuss preliminarily the effects of water drinking on the excretion of sodium. Methods School children aged 8-10 years in Dezhou city,Shandong Province were chose as the subjects,3- day dietary survey method was adopted to survey the children＇s situation on table salt intake and daily water drinking,24-hour urine was sampled for the determination of urinary sodium concentration and calculation of daily sodium excretion,the effects of water drinking on the excretion of sodium and the status of salt intake in children were evaluated. Results A total of 554 school children in total were surveyed,included 246 boys and 298 girls.The results shown that there were about 80. 7%（ 447 /554） school children had inadequate daily drinking water intake,and 28. 7%（ 159 /554） children had excessiveintake of salt. The water drinking was increased significantly when the salt intake exceeded requirement. However,the excretion of sodium didn＇t increase obviously. The data also shown that a great part of the subjects drunk less water than recommendation.The urine volume didn＇t decrease along with the decrease of drinking water while water drinking was not enough. We observed that the urinary sodium concentration climbed up apparently when those drunk water less than 600 m L per day（ P〈0. 05）. The results of correlation analysis indicated that a strong positive relationship existed between urinary sodium concentration and urinary sodium excretion（ r = 0. 635,P = 0. 000）,and a weak negative correlation between water drinking and urinary sodium concentration（ r =- 0. 272,P = 0. 000）. Conclusion Inadequate water drinking is a serious problem in the school children. Appropriately increase water drinking while limited the salt intake is benefit for the maintainance of water-electrolyte metabolism.

关 键 词：儿童 饮水 钠 24H尿 

分 类 号：R153.2[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]