拨辊推送式马铃薯收获机设计与试验  

Design and Test of Poking Roller Shoving Type Potato Harvester

作　　者：杨然兵[1] 杨红光[1] 尚书旗[1] 许鹏晓 崔功佩 刘立辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学机电工程学院,青岛266109

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2016年第7期119-126,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：山东省农机装备研发创新计划项目(2015YZ107);山东省协同创新中心资金项目(6682215005)

摘　　要：针对杆条输送链式小型马铃薯收获机存在果土分离效果差、明薯率低、破皮率较高等问题,设计了一种拨辊推送式马铃薯收获机。对该收获机推送式输送分离装置的作业机理进行了研究,分析确定了输送分离装置的结构和工作参数。以机组作业速度、拨辊转速、拨辊组提升高度为试验因素,明薯率、破皮率为试验指标进行三因素二次正交旋转组合试验,运用DPS数据处理软件进行回归方程显著性分析,优化得出最佳因素组合为:机组作业速度1.0 m/s,拨辊转速60 r/min,拨辊组提升高度150 mm,明薯率为99.01%,破皮率为1.24%。与普通输送分离装置对比试验结果表明:拨辊推送式马铃薯收获机在提高明薯率方面效果明显,在降低破皮率方面略有改善。Aiming at the poor separation effect,the lower rate of tuber obvious and the high rate of tuber skin-damage of the rod-link chains of small potato harvester,a poking roller shoving type potato harvester was designed,and the shoving type separate conveying device was studied. The structure and working parameters of the separate device were determined. The device adopts multi-stage roller to continuously push,and realizes the wave type backward separation and transportation of potato-soil. A specific cross mounting angle of the poking teeth on the adjacent poking roller,which ensures the movement track of the potato in the device,was a smooth curve. The quadratic orthogonal rotation combination experiment of three factors were carried out with the moving forward speed,the poking roller speed and hoisting height as experimental factors,the obvious rate and skin-damage rate as experimental indexes. The regression equation was obtained and significance analysis was carried out by using the DPS software. The results showed that the influences on the obvious rate of the respective factors decrease in the order as below,poking roller speed,moving forward speed,and hoisting height,the influences on the skin-damage rate of the respective factors decrease in the order as below,moving forward speed,poking roller speed,and hoisting height,and the moving forward speed of 1. 0 m / s,the poking roller speed of 60 r / min and hoisting height of 150 mm were the best combination factors,which leaded to the obvious rate of99. 01%,and the skin-damage rate of 1. 24%. The soil was broken in the process of poking tooth rotation. Potato was separated from the soil through picking and throwing of the poking tooth. Compared with the ordinary conveying device,the results show that poking roller shoving type potato harvester had good performance on improving the obvious rate,and had slightly improvement in decreasing the skindamage rate.

关 键 词：马铃薯 收获机 输送分离装置 拨辊推送式 试验 

分 类 号：S225.71[农业科学—农业机械化工程]