手推式杭白菊梳齿摘花机结构设计与试验  

Structure Design and Experiment of Hand-push Chrysanthemum morifolium Comb-teeth Picking Machine

作　　者：姬长英[1] 王春香[1] 顾宝兴[1] 张纯[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院,南京210031

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2016年第7期143-150,142,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金项目(BK20140720);中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目(KYZ201325)

摘　　要：针对杭白菊采摘耗费人力、采摘效率低、尚未实现机械化等问题,设计了一种杭白菊梳齿摘花机。该摘花机主要由采花梳齿、带安装孔链条、链轮、传动轴、分花齿、刷子、箱体、机架、车轮、步进电动机及控制部分等组成。采花梳齿间隙大于花蕾直径小于胎菊直径,利用冲击力将花朵强行摘下。试验表明,杭白菊梳齿摘花机能够可靠实现杭白菊花朵的采摘。在花朵含水率为82.5%,杭白菊梳齿摘花机采花梳齿间隙为7.5～9.0 mm时,梳齿摘花机采摘效果较佳,花朵落地率为0～4.06%,花朵破碎率为0～1.00%,花朵摘除率为92.43%～98.11%。正交试验表明,当采花梳齿间隙为8.5 mm、分花齿间隙为17 mm、喂入深度为200 mm、主动轴转速为60 r/min时,梳齿摘花机工作状况较佳,此时,花朵摘除率为97.61%,花朵落地率为0.65%,花朵破碎率为0.03%。In order to solve the human cost,low efficiency,non-mechanization and other issues of picking,a Chrysanthemum morifolium comb-teeth picking machine was designed. The picking machine was mainly composed of comb-teeth,two chains with installation holes,four sprockets,a driven shaft,separating teeth,a box,a machine frame,four wheels,a stepping motor and control part. The gap between comb-teeth was larger than the diameter of bud and less than the diameter of tire chrysanthemum. The flowers were forced to take off by the impact. The test showed that Chrysanthemum morifolium comb-teeth picking machine can take off the Chrysanthemum morifolium flower reliably. The test was done when the flower moisture content was 82. 5%. The single test of comb-teeth gap selected five levels（ 7. 0 mm,7. 5 mm,8. 0 mm,8. 5 mm,9. 0 mm）. The Chrysanthemum morifolium comb-teeth picking machine worked well at the gap of 7. 5 ~ 9. 0 mm. The drop rate was 0 ~ 4. 06%,the broken rate was 0 ~ 1. 00% and the removal rate was 92. 43% ~ 98. 11%. The orthogonal tests showed the best combination of comb-teeth gap,separating teeth gap,feeding depth and rotational speed. Four levels were selected such as 7. 5 mm,8. 0 mm,8. 5 mm and 9. 0 mm for comb-teeth gap. Separating teeth gap included four levels such as 13 mm,15 mm,17 mm and 19 mm. Four levels（ 125 mm,150 mm,175 mm,200 mm） were chosen for feeding depth. Rotational speed selected four levels such as30 r / min,40 r / min,50 r / min and 60 r / min. The test showed that when the comb-teeth gap was8. 5 mm,the separating teeth was 17 mm,the feeding depth was 200 mm and the rotational speed was60 r / min,Chrysanthemum morifolium comb-teeth picking machine would work better. The removal rate was 97. 61%,the drop rate was 0. 65% and the broken rate was 0. 03% at this time.

关 键 词：杭白菊 梳齿摘花机 手推式 设计 试验 

分 类 号：S225.99[农业科学—农业机械化工程]