退牧还草前后鄂尔多斯市生物资源产品消费的生态影响  

Ecological Consequences of Consumption of Bio-Resource Products before and after the “Return Grazing Land to Grassland”Initiative in Ordos City in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：胡洁[1,2] 甄霖[1] 匡文慧[1] 王超[1,2] 杜秉贞[3] 盛文萍[1] 刘文超[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]瓦格宁根大学

出　　处：《环境科学研究》2016年第7期1014-1022,共9页Research of Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2014CB954302);国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAC03B04)

摘　　要：为了明晰退牧还草工程前后生物资源产品消费结构变化对生态环境的影响差异,以内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市为例,通过对传统生态足迹计算中的"全球公顷"进行本地化处理,采用"省公顷"生态足迹法分析该地区1995年(退牧还草前)、2012年(退牧还草后)生物资源产品消费特点及其生态影响.结果表明:与1995年相比,2012年鄂尔多斯市生物资源产品消费结构呈现多元化特征,由以粮食油料和肉蛋奶为主向多种食物种类转变,化石能源的大量使用使薪柴消费量相对减少;与此同时,2012年鄂尔多斯市粮食油料和薪柴消费的生态足迹消耗量均呈降低趋势(降幅分别为53.23%和86.49%),而蔬菜瓜果和肉蛋奶的生态足迹均有所增加(其中蔬菜瓜果增幅达到44.97%).各种生物资源产品的消费主要是对耕地生态足迹的消耗,粮食油料对耕地生态足迹消耗量的贡献率由1995年的40.17%降至2012年的21.74%,而蔬菜瓜果和部分肉蛋奶的贡献率均有所增加.2012年鄂尔多斯市生态赤字(2.738 4 hm2/人)低于1995年(3.438 2 hm2/人),生态效率亦明显较高,表明人类活动对自然资源的扰动、占用和对生态环境的影响均有所缓解,并且资源环境利用效率得到显著提升.但该市生态赤字率仍然很高,伴随着外来人口的迁入,还需548.83×104hm2的生物生产性土地面积才能满足2012年鄂尔多斯市常住人口对生物资源产品消费生态足迹的总需求.研究显示,鄂尔多斯市生物资源产品消费结构的多元化转变在一定程度上可有效缓解其所产生的生态压力,生态效率的提高有助于进一步调解人地关系、改善生态环境.In order to understand the effects of variation in consumption structure of bio-resource products on the ecological environment,in the case of Ordos City in Inner Mongolia,we explored ecological footprint（ EF） based on sub-national（ provincial） hectare,which was modified from global hectare,to analyze the characteristics of consumption structure of bio-resources and their ecological influence in 1995 and 2012（ before and after the project of＂Return Grazing Land to Grassland＂）. The results showed that the consumption structure of bioresource products tended towards multiplication in Ordos City. The food consumption transformed from mainly grain-oil and meat-milk-eggs to a variety of foods; in addition,the consumption of firewood was replaced by fossil fuels gradually. Compared with 1995,the EFs of grain-oil and firewood consumption were reduced by 53. 23%and 86. 49%,and the increase of melons-vegetables was 44. 97%in 2012, respectively. The EF of bio-resource product consumption was mainly relied on cultivated land,which included grain-oils,melons-vegetables and meat-milk-eggs. The EFs ofthese productions consumption on cultivated land increased or decreased to different extents before and after the＂Return Grazing Land to Grassland＂. The contribution rate of grain-oils on cultivated land decreased from 40. 17%（ in 1995） to 21. 74%（ in 2012）,while the contribution rates of melons-vegetables and meat-milk-eggs increased. The Ecological Deficit（ ED） of Ordos City in 2012 reached 2. 7384hm2/cap lower than the ED in 1995（ 3. 4382 hm2/cap）,and eco-efficiency in 2012 also was obviously higher than the level in 1995. This indicated that the disturbance and consumption of human activity on the natural resources,and their influences on ecological environment declined,and the utilization efficiency of resources and environment has been significantly improved. However,the ED rate was still very high due to the floating population; approximately 548. 83 × 104hm2 biological productive land a

关 键 词：生物资源消费 生态足迹 生态赤字 鄂尔多斯市 

分 类 号：X2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]