蜂群摆放方式对苹果坐果率的影响  

Effect of Colony Put Way on Fruit Setting Rate of Malus pumila Mill

作　　者：申晋山[1] 马卫华[1] 武文卿[1] 宋怀磊[1] 张旭凤[1] 邵有全[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院园艺研究所,山西太原030031

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2016年第7期962-964,共3页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)专项(201203080);山西省科技攻关项目(20140311006-10)

摘　　要：为了了解苹果花期利用蜜蜂授粉时最合理的蜂群摆放方式,以红富士苹果为试材,研究了授粉树配比相同时,15群蜜蜂采用蜂群集中和分散摆放方式;授粉树配比不同时,50群蜜蜂采用蜂群集中摆放方式,对苹果坐果率的影响。结果表明,除31-16,31-46,31-61这3点之外,其余各点的坐果率均是分散摆放高于集中摆放;利用50群蜜蜂为苹果授粉,从0~300 m处,授粉树配比1∶4与1∶10处理均为随着距离的增加,坐果率逐步降低。在苹果花期采用蜜蜂授粉时,分散摆放效果明显优于集中摆放,授粉树配比充足时可适当减少蜜蜂群数。To understand colony put way using honeybee pollination at apple flowering, Fuji apple as test materials, the effect of colony put way on fruit setting rate was studied. The experimental treatments were 15 colony centralized way and decentralized way when the proportion of pollination tree was the same, 50 colony centralized way when the proportion of pollination tree was different. The result showed that in addition to 31- 16, 31- 46, 31- 61, fruit setting rate of decentralized way was higher than centralized way. With the increase of distance, fruit setting rate gradually decreased from 0- 300 m using 50 colony centralized way. Decentralized way was superior than centralized way, the number of colony could decrease when proportion of pollination tree using honeybee pollination was sufficient at apple flowering.

关 键 词：蜜蜂授粉 蜂群 集中摆放 分散摆放 授粉树配比 坐果率 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]