济南市蔬菜中重金属含量监测与评价  

Surveillance and evaluation of heavy metal content in vegetables of Jinan City

作　　者：刘仲[1] 凌云杉 孙湛[1] 刘素华[1] 焦海涛[1] 李世凯[1] 孙延斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]济南市疾病预防控制中心,山东济南250021 [2]济南市市中区玉函社区卫生服务站,山东济南250002

出　　处：《职业与健康》2016年第12期1648-1651,共4页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的了解济南市市售蔬菜及产地土壤中重金属污染物分布特征,初步分析蔬菜中重金属来源。方法 2014年1-11月对济南市市售蔬菜及其产地的土壤中的铅、汞、镉、砷含量进行测定。采用单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法,对污染程度进行评价,并计算不同重金属在蔬菜中的富集效率。结果 152份蔬菜样品中,4种重金属汞检出率(83.1%)最高,砷检出率(12.7%)最低;不同种类蔬菜中镉、汞含量差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),其余差异无统计学意义。土壤中4种重金属检出率均等于或接近100%。蔬菜中镉(0.049)的风险指数最小,砷(0.202)和铅(0.314)风险指数处于安全水平,汞风险指数(0.80)处于轻度污染水平;蔬菜土壤中4种重金属内梅罗综合指数为0.564,整体处于安全水平,各单项污染指数均为安全等级。蔬菜对不同金属富集效率汞(0.024)>镉(0.013)>铅(0.002 6)>砷(0.001 1)。结论济南市市售蔬菜和产地土壤中重金属含量处于安全水平。蔬菜总汞处于轻度污染状态,应加强对蔬菜中重金属污染物总汞含量的控制。[Objective]To learn the distribution characteristics of heavy metal pollutants in commercially available vegetables and soil of vegetable origin of Jinan City,preliminarily analyze the sources of heavy metals in vegetables. [Methods]The content of lead（Pb）,mercury（Hg）,cadmium（Cd） and arsenic（As） in commercially available vegetables and soil of vegetable origin of Jinan City were determined from January to November in 2014. Single factor pollution index and Nemerow pollution index were used to analyze the degree of heavy metal pollution,and the enrichment efficiency of different heavy metal in vegetables was calculated.[Results]Among 152 vegetable samples,the detection rate of Hg was the highest（83.1%）,and the detection rate of As was the lowest（12.7%）. There were statistically significant differences in the detection rates of Cd and Hg among different types of vegetables（P〈 0.05）,and the significant differences in the detection rates of rest heavy metals were not found. The detection rates of four heavy metals in soil were equal or close to 100%. In vegetables,the risk index of Cd（0.049） was the lowest,and the risk index of As（0.202）and Pb（0.314）belonged to the safe level,while the risk index of Hg（0.80）belonged to the slight pollution level. In soil,the Nemerow composite index of the four heavy metals was 0.564,which was in a safe level,and the individual pollution indexes all belonged to security level. The enrichment efficiency of heavy metals were as follows： Hg（0.024）〉Cd（0.013）〉Pb（0.002 6）〉As（0.001 1）. [Conclusion]The contents of heavy metals in commercially available vegetables and soil of vegetable origin are in a safe level in Jinan City. The total mercury in vegetables belongs to slight pollution level,and it is necessary to strengthen the control of total mercury in vegetables.

关 键 词：重金属 蔬菜 监测 评价 单因子污染指数 内梅罗综合污染指数 

分 类 号：R155.5[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]