某区南水北调通水后市政末梢水健康风险变化分析  

Health Risk Evaluation of Municipal Terminal Piped Water before and after the South-to-North Water Diversion Project Implemented in a District

作　　者：信振江[1] 敬燕燕[1] 秦娟[1] 张芳[1] 李洁[1] 杨洋[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《环境卫生学杂志》2016年第3期201-204,共4页JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYGIENE

基　　金：北京市丰台区卫生计生系统科研项目(2015-88);北京市丰台区卫生系统科学研究项目(33057)

摘　　要：目的分析某市某区南水北调通水前后市政末梢水中各项非致癌物质水平及所致健康风险的变化。方法在某区15个街道设置21个市政末梢水监测点,2014年—2015年期间每月监测1次,监测挥发酚、氰化物、氟化物、氨氮、硝酸盐、铁、锰、铅、汞、铜、锌、硒共12项非致癌物质含量。以2014年全年监测数据作为南水北调通水前的本底值,分析南水北调通水后2015年全年市政末梢水中非致癌物质水平的变化,运用健康风险评价模型评价南水北调前后市政末梢水中非致癌物质所致个人健康风险的改变。结果南水北调通水后某区市政末梢水非致癌物质中的氟化物、硝酸盐含量下降,铁含量升高,氟化物、硝酸盐的个人年健康风险均下降,铁的个人年健康风险升高,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。市政末梢水年总健康风险为3.326×10^(-9),低于南水北调通水前的4.068×10^(-9),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论南水北调通水前某区市政末梢水健康风险远低于USEPA、ICRP推荐的最大可接受风险水平,南水北调通水后市政末梢水健康风险明显下降。Objective To learn the change on concentrations and the health risks of some non-carcinogenic contaminants in municipal terminal piped water after the implementation of a South-to-North Water Diversion Pro- ject in a district of a city. Methods Terminal piped water samples were collected from 21 monitoring points dis- tributed in 15 sub-districts of the city in each month of 2014 and 2015; and the concentrations of volatile phenol, cyanide, fluoride, ammonia - nitrogen, nitrate, iron, manganese, lead, mercury, copper, zinc and selenium in tap water were monitored. The change of non-carcinogenic contaminants before and after the implementation of South-to-North Water Diversion Project was disussed. The change of the health risks of non-carcinogenic contami- nants in municipal teminal piped water was evaluated by a health risk assessment model. Results Fluoride and ni- trate were decreased while iron was increased significantly after the implementation of South-to-North Water Diversion Project （P 〈0. 05）. Therefore the health risk of fluoride and nitrate were decreased while the health risk of iron was increased （P 〈 0.05）. Before and after the implementation of South-to-North Water Diversion Project, the total annual health risk of non-carcinogenic contaminants was 4. 068×10^-9 and 3. 326×10^-grespectively （P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions The health risk of municipal pipe water decreased significantly after South-to-North Water Di- version Project being implemented, which was much lower than the maximum acceptable level of risk recommended by USEPA and ICRP. The sanitary condition of municipal water got improved after the project being implemented.

关 键 词：南水北调 市政末梢水 非致癌物质 健康风险评价 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]