心理治疗中共同要素理论的历史发展  

The Common Factors Theory and Its Historical Development in Psychotherapy

作　　者：杨文登[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州大学心理与脑科学研究中心,广州510006

出　　处：《心理科学》2016年第4期1017-1022,共6页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学青年项目(CBA130124)的资助

摘　　要：从共同要素的角度,分理论模式化与研究实证化两条线索,追溯了心理治疗中共同要素理论的思想渊源,并自Saul Rosenzweig开始,综述了Carl Rogers、Jerome Frank、Marvin Goldfried、Michael Lambert、Bruce Wampold等学者的观点,探讨了共同要素理论的历史演进、内涵结构、理论模式及当代研究进展。认为它在不久的未来,将与特殊技术说逐步走向整合,加深对心理治疗过程与改变机制的认识,共同提升心理治疗的效果。What are the contributing factors of therapeutic change, common factors or specific ingrediants？ This is a big problem for psychotherapists after they have solved the problem ＇whether psychotherapy is effective or not＇. This paper discusses the problem from the perspective of the common factors theory. This paper firstly elaborated the definition and historical development of the common factors theory, then it summarized the common factors theory＇s current achievements and their limitations. It discusses the brief history of the common factors theory from two clues. First, the common factors theory has become more and more systematic and comprehensive. From Saul Rosenzweig＇s concept of ＇common factor＇ to Carl Rogers, Jerome Frank, and Michael Lambert＇s classifications, then to David Orlinsky＇s generic model, Bruce Wampold＇s contextual model and Lundh＇s two theoretical models, the concept of common factor has been extended, its structure has become clearer, and its theoretical explanatory power has been greatly improved. Second, common factors theory has become more and more evidence-based. From Saul Rosenzweig and Jerome Frank＇s theoretical research, to Lester Luborsky and John Norcross＇ meta-analysis, then to Michael Lambert and Bruce Wampold＇s empirical research about some specific common factors （such as the alliance between therapist and client, the therapists＇ ability, skill, attitudes, and personal characteristics, patients＇ hope and expectancy, etc.）, empirical research about common factors has become an indispensable part of contemporary psychotherapy research. However, there are still several limitations in the common factors theory. The first problem is that common factors are mostly descriptive factors coming from psychotherapy efficacy research, which only describes the ＇reasons＇ but not the ＇causes＇ of the problem ＇why psychotherapy is effective＇. So we need to ＇reverse＇ the way of thinking, and do more primary research to explain the ＇mechanism

关 键 词：共同要素理论 特殊技术说 渡渡鸟效应 元分析 情境模式 

分 类 号：B84-091[哲学宗教—基础心理学]