温州地区7—14岁儿童近视眼患病率和眼轴及其相关因素分析  

AnaLysis of myopia and axial length changes and relevant factors of children aged 7 to 14 years in Wenzhou

作　　者：张加裕[1] 王强[1] 林思思[1] 陈嘉玮[1] 钟洪亮[1] 蔡达秋 陈镇国[1] 

机构地区：[1]温州医科大学附属第三医院眼科,325200

出　　处：《中华眼科杂志》2016年第7期514-519,共6页Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology

基　　金：浙江省瑞安市科技局项目（20130211）

摘　　要：目的探讨7～14岁学龄期儿童近视眼患病率及其特点。方法横断面研究。收集浙江温州地区2012年6月至2015年1月7～14岁儿童共计2226例（2226只眼），选取右眼为研究对象，其中男1160例（1160只眼），女1066例（1066只眼）。经盐酸环喷托酯睫状肌麻痹30rain后检影验光测得静态屈光度数。IOLMaster测量各屈光参数（眼轴、角膜屈光度、前房深度、角膜白到白距离）测量值，同时测量身高、体重。受试儿童按年龄岁数分组，共有8个年龄段，分8组。男女性别近视眼患病率比较采用卡方检验。眼球屈光参数随年龄变化采取趋势分析结合多因素方差分析。眼轴回归模型采用混合效益模型建立。结果7～14岁儿童随年龄增长近视患病率升高，其中女性近视患病率较同年龄段男性儿童高，且男女不同性别间总体近视患病率比较差异有统计学意义（χ2=4．284，P=0．036）。平均眼轴长度：男性（23．53±1．12）mm，女性（23．44±1．08）mm，两者差异无统计学意义（t=1．502，P=0．134）。7～14岁儿童各年龄段眼球屈光参数变化：眼轴随年龄增长而变长，眼轴均值分布于（22．84±0．87）至（24．49±1．19）mm，差异有统计学意义（F=10．076，P〈0．001）；前房深度随年龄增长有加深趋势，前房深度均值分布于（3．28±0．16）至（3．67±0．24）mm，差异有统计学意义（F=8．059，P〈0．001）；角膜直径随年龄增长略有减小，角膜直径均值分布于（12．30±0．35）至（12．16±0．54）mm，但差异无统计学意义（F=0．469，P=0．857）；角膜屈光度随年龄变化趋势无明显差别，角膜屈光度均值分布于（43．05＋1．31）至（43．74＋1．20）D，差异无统计学意义（F=0．440，P=0．877）。按不同屈光状态分组统计显示：近视组眼轴长度、前房深度较同龄正视组要大，统计分析显示同一年龄近视组与正视�Objective To investigate the incidence and features of myopia in children aged 7 to 14 years. Methods Cross-sectional study. A total of 2 226 children （2 226 eyes） aged 7 to 14 years were selected from school during June 2012 and January 2015. Refraction was measured by fast cycloplegic retinoscopy. SPSS16.0 was used to analyze the data. Ocular refractive parameters, including axial length （AL）, corneal power, anterior chamber depth, and white to white, were measured by IOLMaster （version 5.0, Carl Zeiss, Germany）. Only the right eyes were included in the analysis. Results （1） The incidence of myopia in children increased with age. The incidence of myopia in female children was higher than male children with the same age. The overall incidence of myopia in female children was higher than malechildren （χ2=4.284,P=0.036）. The average AL was （23.53±1. 12） mm in male children and （23.44± 1.08） mm in female children, and there was no statistically significant difference （t=1.502, P=0.134）. （2） The change of refractive parameters was as follows. The AL elongated with age ,the average AL located in （22.84±0.87） to （24.49± 1.19） ram（F= 10.076, P〈0.001 ）. The anterior chamber became deepened with age,the average ACD located in （ 3.28 ± 0.16 ） to （ 3.67± 0.24） mm （F=8.059, P〈0.001 ）. The white to white reduced slightly with age, the average WTW located in （12.30±0.35） to （12.16±0.54）mm,ahhough there was no significant difference （F=0.469, P=0.857）. There was no difference in the corneal power with age ,the average corneal power located in （43.05± 1.31 ） to （43.74± 1.20） D（F=0.440, P=0.877）. The values of AL, anterior chamber depth in the myopia group were greater than the emmetropia group with the same age （P〈0.05）. （3） Correlation factor analysis of AL was as follows. Mixed effects model displayed that the age, height, and body weight were related to eye axis. The regression equation of AL was： AL=19.120 4＋0.12

关 键 词：近视 患病率 轴长度  眼 屈光  眼 儿童 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]