线索靶子关联和搜索策略对注意捕获的作用——来自意义线索的证据  

The effect of cue-target relevance and search strategies on attentional capture:Evidence from meaning cues

作　　者：王慧媛[1] 隋洁[2] 张明[3] 

机构地区：[1]长春师范大学心理学系,长春130032 [2]清华大学心理学系,北京100084 [3]苏州大学心理学系,苏州215123

出　　处：《心理学报》2016年第7期783-793,共11页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31170973和31371025)资助

摘　　要：采用线索化范式,操作性地建立线索和靶子间的关联,通过比较不同搜索策略任务下不同线索靶子关联条件间的捕获量考察关联水平及搜索策略对注意捕获的作用,并分析抽象的意义概念对空间注意分配的调节作用。结果发现(1)意义线索的注意捕获符合关联性的注意定向假说,只有符合当前注意控制定势的线索才具有捕获注意的能力;(2)知觉关联在调节无意注意定向上具有主导性,调节能力强,能将其他因素效应掩盖;语义关联单独作用时对无意注意定向有调节作用,但调节程度小,效应易被掩盖;(3)搜索策略虽然能够大大提高反应速度,但只有基于特征独子的搜索模式对无意注意定向有调节作用,且调节能力有限。研究再次认证了空间无意注意转移中注意控制定势的作用,同时指出抽象的概念加工能够根据当前的环境有效指导后续的选择和行为。It is well known that involuntary shifting of spatial visual attention was modulated by perceptional relevance and meaningful concept relevance among stimuli as well as strategies employed for search performing, and a very recent study further showed the interactions among these factors （Wang, Zhang, ＆ Sui, 2014）. However, there were several pitfalls in the study, （1） cue-related stimuli were relatively not abstract with less social meanings, （2） the experiment did not systematically measure cue-target relations, （3） the absolute response times were impaired by the attributes of the Chinese character targets. These issues were addressed in the present study. A modified spatial cueing paradigm was employed in the current study. A trial began with a fixation screen presented for 500 ms, followed by an uninformative red or white Chinese character cue which appeared for 100 ms. Then a fixation screen was showed for 100 ms, followed by a target screen with four squares for 500 ms, either four color squares or one red and three white squares. Participants had to make a judgment for the gap orientation of the red target square while ignoring other distractors. Targets were randomly presented at the one of four locations, either cued or non-cued （valid vs. invalided trials）. The effect of attentional capture referred to slower responses to targets in the invalid than valid trials. In the current study, there were four experimental conditions according to cue-target combinations for singleton detection mode task and feature search mode task. The order of experimental conditions was counterbalanced across participants. The results showed that there was no the capture effect in the meaningful cues only when feature search mode was induced by itself, but, the capture effect was observed when singleton detection mode was used, and when the semantic relevance between the cue and the target was established. The capture effects were also significant when there was the perceptional relevance between the cue

关 键 词：线索靶子关联 搜索策略 注意捕获 意义线索 注意控制定势 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]