高、低趋近积极情绪对不同注意加工阶段的影响  

Positive affect and selective attention: Approach-motivation intensity influences the early and late attention processing stages

作　　者：刘芳[1] 丁锦红[1] 张钦[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学心理系,北京市“学习与认知”重点实验室,北京100048

出　　处：《心理学报》2016年第7期794-803,共10页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31470980)资助

摘　　要：本研究采用事件相关电位(ERP)技术和Flanker任务,探讨由甜点和风景图片分别诱发的高、低趋近积极情绪对注意的早期和晚期加工的影响。同时,为更精细考察情绪对视觉注意范围早期加工阶段的影响,在75%的Flanker试次中加入了一个白色方块探测刺激,该刺激位于中央Flanker字母的左侧或右侧。研究结果表明,在注意加工的早期感知阶段,高趋近积极情绪下,带有白色探测刺激的Flanker字母比低趋近积极情绪条件下诱发了更小的P1,表明高趋近积极情绪窄化了早期注意加工范围;在注意加工的晚期选择阶段,高趋近积极情绪下的Flanker字母诱发了更大的N2b成分,低趋近积极情绪下诱发了更大的P3成分,表明高趋近积极情绪增强了对干扰的抑制能力,而低趋近积极情绪下个体调用了更多的注意资源用以加工周边刺激。According to the Motivational Dimensional Model of Affect, positive affects that varies in approach motivational intensity have diverse impacts on cognitive processes. Previous studies used the local-global visual-processing task and Navon task to examine the attentional consequences of approach-motivated positive affect, and demonstrated that positive affect which is high in approach-motivation reduced the breadth of attention, whereas low approach-motivated positive affect increased global attention. Most of these researches were done by measuring response time （RT）. So far, however, relatively little is known about the neural mechanisms of this phenomenon. Studies of attention have suggested that attention operates at both early （sensory input） and late （response selection） processing stages. The high temporal resolution of event-related potentials （ERPs） allows for a more detailed analysis of the time course of attention processing. Therefore the present study used ERP technology and Flanker task to explore whether the effect of motivational intensity on the breadth of attention occurred at the early or the late attention processing stage. Twenty participants （six men and fourteen women） took part in this experiment. Pictures of dessert and scene were used to induce participants＇ high and low approach-motivated positive affect. After viewing each picture, participants were asked to accomplish Flanker task, which was, respond to the central target letter by pressing a corresponding button. In 75% of the Flanker tasks, a white rectangular probe stimulus was presented on the left or right of the central letter. EEG activity was recorded during the whole process of the experiment. The results showed that, during the interval of 90-130 ms after Flanker letters onset, the Flanker letters with probe stimuli under high approach-motivated positive affect evoked smaller P1 than the low approach-motivated positive affect. It might suggest that high approach-motivated positive affect narrows the fo

关 键 词：积极情绪 趋近动机 注意 ERP 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]