舀勺式马铃薯播种机排种器的设计与试验  

Design and experiment of cup-belt type potato seed-metering device

作　　者：吕金庆[1] 杨颖[1] 李紫辉[1] 田忠恩[1] 尚琴琴[1] 吴金娥[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第16期17-25,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：十二五科技支撑计划"现代化农业农机装备研究与示范"项目(2014BAD06B03);黑龙江省重大科技攻关项目"马铃薯规模化种植关键技术装备研究"(GA15B401);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-10-P22);云南省冬季无公害高产技术体系构建及应用项目资助(2014YNC001)

摘　　要：为提高马铃薯种植机械化水平,针对目前马铃薯播种机排种器普遍存在的重漏播率高、人工劳动强度大、通用性差等问题,研究设计了一种舀勺式马铃薯排种器。阐述了该排种器主要结构、工作原理和相关结构参数;对排种器关键部件进行结构设计,理论分析主动轮和振动清种装置的性能特点;对排种器的排种性能进行台架试验,以主动轮转速、排种器倾角、清种装置的清种强度为试验因素,排种性能为试验指标进行正交试验,分析相关因素对排种性能参数的影响,获得合理参数组合,结果表明:电机驱动凸轮的清种系统较其它清种装置结构简单,作业状态更稳定,破拱装置增加种薯的流动性,提高充种率;主动轮转速为42 r/min,排种器倾角为0o,清种强度为0.75时,排种合格指数为92.6%,重播指数为4.5%,漏播指数为2.9%,排种质量较好,田间试验表明该作业参数组合下排种器性能满足马铃薯播种机播种性能要求,该研究为马铃薯播种机排种器的研究和设计提供了理论及技术参考。To enhance the mechanization level of potato cultivation and promote the development of potato industry, we research and design a cup-belt type seed-metering device of potato seeder. This potato seed-metering device is mainly aimed to solve many problems, including the high multiple index and missing index, heavy manual labor intensity, poor universality and other problems commonly occurring in the widely used potato seed-metering device at present. This paper introduces the main structure, the working principle and the related structural parameters of the device in detail. In this paper, we design the structure of many key components. The arrangement form of scoops on the belt, the working principle and the structure of the vibrating cleaning device, and the structure of the active belt pulley and the arch breaker are analyzed through the theoretical analysis. The parameters obtained from the theoretical analysis are used to design the cup-belt type seed-metering device. The actual utilization indicates that the seed-clearing system driven by electric motor has a simpler structure and more stable operating condition. The arch breaker increases the liquidity of the seeds and improves the filling rate. We also make a list of experiments to understand how the factors affect the performance of the potato seed-metering device and analyze the experiment results. These experiments include the overall experiment, the bench test and the field experiment. We also design an overall experiment to investigate the filling performance and the height caused by entrainment. We determine the revolving speed of the driving pulley and the number of the seeds in the seed case as the experimental factors of this experiment. The experimental results show that： when the revolving speed of the driving pulley is 33.4 r/min and the seed case is full of seeds, the average empty scoop rate is 0.33%; when the revolving speed of the driving pulley is 33.4 r/min and the seed volume is 12.5% of the seed case volume, the average height caused

关 键 词：农业机械 设计 马铃薯 播种机 舀勺式排种器 种勺 清种系统 破拱装置 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]