寨卡(Zika virus)来袭：地方性流行病毒的全球化  

Zika virus, an epidemic emerged as a new global threat

作　　者：郑爱华[1] 邹振[1] 施一[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院动物研究所,农业虫害鼠害综合研究治理国家重点实验室,北京100101 [2]中国科学院微生物研究所病原微生物与免疫学重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《科学通报》2016年第22期2441-2448,共8页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(L1524009);中国科学院学科发展战略研究(2015-SM-C-02)和中国科学院先导专项(XDB11030600,XDB11030800)资助

摘　　要：寨卡病毒是一种由伊蚊传播的虫媒病毒,属于黄病毒科的黄病毒属.自1947年在非洲乌干达被发现以来,寨卡病毒主要局限于非洲和亚洲的热带地区流行.由于其引起的症状同登革热非常相似,但程度较轻,因此长期不被重视.2007年寨卡病毒从东南亚逐步扩散至太平洋诸岛屿,2015年南美寨卡病毒大规模流行,并且有重症病例出现.有证据显示,寨卡病毒感染与新生儿畸形有关,引起学术界和公众的广泛重视.公众也在担心:寨卡病毒会不会进入中国,并导致类似2014年广州登革热的大规模流行.而且,至今没有任何针对寨卡病毒的疫苗和特效药物,因此其防治形势严峻.Zika virus （ZIKV）, belonging to Flaviviridae, is a mosquito borne arbovirus. ZIKV is highly homologous to dengue virus, sharing 60% nucleic acid and 55% amid acid sequence identity. Cryo-EM structure of ZIKV suggests it＇s similar to other major flaviviruses including dengue virus, West Nile virus and yellow fever virus. Several Aedes mosquitoes are capable of transmitting ZIKV in the field, of which Aedes aegypti is the primary vector for human. Since the symptom caused by ZIKV infection is very similar to dengue virus and chikungunya virus, it＇s easily misdiagnosed and the ZIKV epidemic is underestimated. Although, entomological and virologic surveillance have reported ZIKV in countries of Africa and Asia, few severe human cases were reported until 2007, when a ZIKA fever epidemic took place in Yap Island in the Pacific Ocean. After that, ZIKV was spread across the Pacific Ocean and landed South America in 2014, bringing a ZIKV pandemic to Brazil. Molecular epidemiology study suggests ZIKV could be divided into African lineage and Asian lineage. The divergence between the two lineages is much lower compared to dengue virus which can be divided into four serotypes. The strains from Pacific Ocean islands to South America were derived from the Asian lineage. Because of the large amount of international traveler and business, ZIKV has been identified in more and more countries around the world. Indeed, three cases were reported in China recently and several virus strains were also recovered from the samples of patients. Both the basic and application research of ZIKV is neglected because it＇s considered as a mild dengue-like virus over long periods. But, during the evolution of ZIKV in new region and new ecosystem, virus transmission is changing. In the 2007 Gabon break, more aggressive vector Aedes albopictus was involved in human transmission beside Aedes aegypti, which made the control strategy even complicated. Fatal cases appeared at Yap islands in 2007 and even more in the recent South America epide

关 键 词：寨卡病毒 伊蚊 小头病 虫媒病毒 登革热 

分 类 号：R511[医药卫生—内科学]