P300与创造性组块分解  

P300 and creative chunk decomposition

作　　者：张忠炉[1] 张嘉卉[1] 宋欣欣[1] 窦皓然 杨文龙[1] 于龙[1] 雷怡[1,2] 李红[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁师范大学脑与认知神经科学研究中心,大连116029 [2]深圳大学心理与社会学院,深圳518060

出　　处：《科学通报》2016年第22期2494-2501,共8页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31100740;31271088;30370488);教育部人文社会科学重点研究项目(11JJD190002)资助

摘　　要：创造性在人类发展中扮演重要角色,而顿悟问题解决则是创造性的关键方面.组块分解是通达创造性顿悟的一种机制.其假设认为组块分解的难度取决于被分解组块的紧密性:紧组块涉及移除无意义的知觉元素,而松组块涉及移除有意义的知觉元素,紧组块分解比松组块分解更难.考虑到组块分解也受其他因素如空间关系的影响,基于元素类型假设的相关研究并没有排除这些因素.本研究在控制了混淆因素后检验组块分解的认知神经机制,特别是在控制了空间关系这一混淆因素后,基于元素类型的组块分解是否能引发P300效应.被试在两种条件下从一个源汉字中移除笔画(紧组块条件)或者汉字(松组块条件)从而得到另外一个汉字.保持两组条件下源汉字中的被移除部件和剩余部件都是上下关系,同时记录这个过程产生的事件相关电位.行为结果显示,紧组块分解比松组块分解耗时更长.脑电结果显示,基于元素类型的组块分解引发了P300效应:紧组块条件比松组块条件引发了更大波幅的P300.研究提示,元素类型是组块分解的困难源之一并且组块分解可能涉及知觉转换过程中的表征更新.Creativity plays a critical role in human development, and insight problem solving is a crucial aspect of creativity. One way to access insight is chunk decomposition, which hypothesizes that the difficulty of chunk decomposition is determined by chunk tightness： it is more difficult to decompose tight chunks than loose chunks because tight chunk decomposition involves the removal of meaningless elements, whereas loose chunk decomposition involves the removal of meaningful elements. However, previous studies did not exclude certain confounding factors （eg, spatial relation） considering that the process of chunk decomposition can also be influenced by them. The current study aimed to examine the neural basis of chunk decomposition. Specifically, we focused on addressing the question upon whether this element-type-based chunk decomposition is related to the P300 effect after controlling for spatial relation. To this aim, an adapted version of the chunk decomposition task in Chinese characters was introduced in this study. Participants completed the chunk decomposition task in both tight and loose chunk conditions in which the tightness of a chunk is determined by the type of the removed part in the source character： whereas the removed parts were meaningless strokes in the tight chunk condition, the removed part was a meaningful character in the loose chunk condition. For both conditions, the removed part and the left part were spatially kept in an up-down structure in the source characters. For example, in the tight chunk condition, the source character ＂买＂ consists of a stroke and a character ＂大＂. In the loose chunk condition, the source character ＂奇＂ consists of a character ＂大＂ and another character ＂可＂. In both tight and loose chunk conditions, the removed element, the source character and the left element were presented one after another and participants were asked to remove one part from a source character to get another valid character. Meanwhile, the event-related poten

关 键 词：创造性 组块分解 元素类型 P300 汉字 

分 类 号：B842.7[哲学宗教—基础心理学]