江苏启东近岸海域大型底栖动物群落健康评价  

Assessment of macrobenthic community health in the coastal waters of Qidong

作　　者：季晓[1,2] 徐韧[1,2] 刘材材[1,2] 秦玉涛[1,2] 袁一鸣[1,2] 徐俊超[1,3] 刘守海[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局东海环境监测中心,上海201206 [2]国家海洋局海洋赤潮灾害立体监测技术与应用重点实验室,上海200090 [3]上海海洋大学,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2016年第4期348-363,共16页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201505004-6;201305027;201205010-06);海洋赤潮灾害立体监测技术与应用国家海洋局重点实验室基金资助课题(MATHAB201402;MATHAB201408);东海分局青年海洋科技基金项目(201501)

摘　　要：海洋大型底栖动物能对自然和人为活动导致的水和沉积物质量变化做出可预测的响应,因此利用底栖生物作为海洋生态环境监测的生物指标和进行系统健康度量的生物指数已经得到了广泛的认可。AMBI指数(AZTI’s Marine Biotic Index)法、ABC(abundance/biomass comparison)曲线法和BENTIX指数法可以有效地评价河口和近岸海域大型底栖动物群落对人为和自然扰动的响应。在2013年1、6、8、11月分别对启东近岸海域的大型底栖生物进行了调查,对比分析了4个季节大型底栖生物种类数、优势种、密度和生物量的差异,并运用ABC曲线法、AMBI和BENTIX指数法评估了调查海域大型底栖动物群落的受干扰状况。结果表明,该海域共采集大型底栖动物86种,其中优势类群为多毛类。群落中的优势种类主要为钩虾(Gammarus sp.)。调查海域年平均总生物量和丰度分别为6.92g·m-2和84.33 ind·m-2,且存在季节性差异。根据ABC法、AMBI法和BENTIX指数法分析显示绝大部分区域受到轻微程度人为的干扰,特别是夏季受到干扰程度较为强烈。研究结果表明,启东近岸受一定程度人类活动影响。Abundant researches have demonstrated that benthic communities respond relatively rapidly to natural and man-induced changes in water and sediment quality, so benthic communities are used frequently as bio-indicators for marine monitoring and biotic indices for assessing the marine ecosystem health. AMBI index, ABC curve and BENTIX index could effectively assess the benthic ecological status of estuaries and coastal systems, and could show the response of benthic communities to human pressures and natural changes. The paper studied the macrobenthic species number, dominant species, abundance and biomass in Qidong, based on samples from 4 cruises in January, June , August and November 2013. While ABC curve,AMBI and BENTIX index were used to evaluate the interference conditions of the macrobenthic community in investigated waters. Totally 86 macrobenthic species were identified in the study area, of which polychaetes represented the most dominant group. Gammarus was dominant species of this community. The average values of biomass and abundance of the investigated area were 6.92 g · m-2 and 84.33 ind · m-2 respectively. According to Margalef index analysis, the pollution was more serious in the closer offshore area generally, while ABC （abundance/biomass comparison） method, AMBI and BENTIX index method analysis revealed that most of the areas were slightly disturbed by human activity, especially in summer. The study suggested that the closer coastal area of Qidong was affected by certain degree of human activities.

关 键 词：启东近岸海域 大型底栖生物 群落 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源]