间乙炔基苯偶氮线性酚醛泡沫的结构与性能研究  

Studies on the Structure and Properties of Ethynyl Phenyl Azo Novolac Foam

作　　者：李芝华[1,2] 彭倩玉 李珺杰[1,2] 刘夏清[3] 邹德华[3] 牛捷[3] 刘兰兰[3] 李稳[3] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学材料科学与工程学院,长沙410083 [2]中南大学有色金属材料科学与工程教育部重点实验室,长沙410083 [3]国网湖南省电力公司带电作业中心,长沙410000

出　　处：《高分子学报》2016年第8期1121-1127,共7页Acta Polymerica Sinica

基　　金：湖南省重点科技研发项目计划(项目号2015GK3042);中南大学贵重仪器设备开放共享基金(基金号CSUZC2014008)资助项目

摘　　要：采用高温化学发泡法制备了一种间乙炔基苯偶氮酚醛树脂泡沫(EPANF).采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)、光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、导热系数分析仪、临界氧指数分析仪和热重分析(TG)等表征了间乙炔基苯偶氮酚醛树脂(EPAN)结构和EPANF的泡孔结构、压缩强度、隔热性能、阻燃性能和热性能.研究结果表明,当所用发泡剂含量为18%,泡沫体的表观密度为0.179 g/cm^3时,EPANF泡孔均匀微细,闭孔率高,泡孔平均粒径为350μm左右.随着表观密度增加,泡沫体压缩强度增大,热导率系数增大,隔热性能略有下降,但其临界氧指数变大,阻燃性能提高.当表观密度为0.363 g/cm^3时,EPANF的压缩强度达到最大为5.63 MPa.EPANF的5%和10%热失重温度分别为333、381℃,其700℃的残炭率和1000℃的残炭率分别为65.8%和58.2%,耐热性和耐烧蚀性较普通线性酚醛树脂有明显提高.EPANF作为热结构材料和烧蚀材料有望在航天航空等领域应用.Ethynyl phenyl azo novolac foam （EPANF） was prepared by high temperature foaming. Structure of ethynyl phenyl azo novolac resin （EPAN） was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） and gel permeation chromatography （GPC）. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） , thermal conductivity analyzer, critical oxygen index analyzer and thermal analysis （TG） were used to examine the morphology, compression strength, thermal insulation, flame retardant and thermal properties, respectively. With 18% of blowing agent and apparent density of 0. 179 g/cm^3 ,fine and uniform morphology was obtained for EPAN sample of average diameter around 350 μm. Among those properties, compressive strength, coefficient of thermal conductivity and critical oxygen index （which is an indication of flame retardation） were proportional to apparent density of EPANF. As apparent density of 0. 363 g/cm^3, compression strength was up to 5.63 MPa. However, heat insulation performance was decreased slightly with the increase of apparent density. TG showed that there were two exothermal reactions with mass losses of 5% and 10% that occurred at 333 and 381 ℃ ,respectively. Char yields at 700 and 1000 ℃ were measured to be 65.8% and 58.2% , respectively. There are significant improvements in both heat and ablation resistance compared with the use of ordinary novolac phenolic resin. As a potential thermal structure and ablative resistant material,EPANF was expected to find wide applications in aerospace and related fields.

关 键 词：间乙炔基苯偶氮酚醛树脂 泡沫 结构 性能 耐热性 

分 类 号：TQ328.0[化学工程—合成树脂塑料工业]