干细胞与角膜眼表重建研究进展  

Research progress on stem cells and corneal ocular surface reconstruction

作　　者：王惠学 范先群[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院眼科,上海市200011

出　　处：《眼科新进展》2016年第8期788-791,800,共5页Recent Advances in Ophthalmology

摘　　要：角膜是眼表的重要防护屏障和光学系统的重要组成部分,其完整性和透明性是实现有效视功能的重要前提。各种原因造成的眼表疾病未经及时有效治疗都有可能发展到终末阶段——角膜缘干细胞功能障碍,包括角膜缘干细胞数目的减少和微环境的病理改变。自体角膜移植无疑是治疗角膜缘干细胞功能障碍最有效的方法。但是供体角膜来源十分有限,且切除健眼组织行角膜移植可能会对健眼造成长期损害。随着干细胞研究的不断深入和组织工程技术的兴起,组织工程角膜应运而生,并且迅速发展。其基本原理为选用生物性能良好的支架材料,体外模拟角膜缘干细胞微环境,诱导各类种子干细胞分化为角膜类上皮,然后再行角膜眼表重建。常用种子细胞包括角膜缘干细胞、胚胎干细胞、诱导多能干细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、皮肤干细胞、口腔黏膜干细胞。本文就上述干细胞在角膜眼表重建中的应用作一综述。Cornea is an important part of the ocular protective system and optical system,whose completeness and opacity are the prerequisite for effective visual function. Various ocular surface diseases without timely and effective treatment are likely to deteriorate into the end stagelimbal stem cell deficiency,including loss of limbal epithelial stem cells and dysregulation of limbal stem cell niche. Limbal autograft transplantation is undoubtedly the most effective treatment for certain ocular surface diseases. However,this treatment approach is restricted by a limited resource and the potential harm to the donor eye. Tissue engineering cornea attributed to the rapid development of stem-cell research and tissue engineering technology has achieved remarkable progress.The basic discipline is to promote the differentiation of stem cells seeded in the scaffolds with good biological performance into cornea-like epithelia,in a proper limbal stem cell microenviroment. C ommon seed cells include limbal stem cell,embryonic stem cell,induced pluripotent stem cell,bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell,skin-derived precursor and oral mucosal epithilium. This article review s the application of above stem cells in the corneal ocular surface reconstruction.

关 键 词：角膜缘干细胞 角膜缘干细胞龛 角膜缘干细胞功能障碍 组织工程角膜 眼表重建 

分 类 号：R772.2[医药卫生—眼科]