末次盛冰期以来沙漠-黄土过渡带植被演替及其对气候变化的响应  

Vegetation succession in response to climate changes since the LGM in the desert-loess transition zone,North China

作　　者：杨青[1] 李小强[1] 周新郢[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《人类学学报》2016年第3期469-480,共12页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2015CB953803);国家自然科学基金项目(41301042;41172161)

摘　　要：末次盛冰期(LGM)以来的增温期和全新世高温期是人类古文化进步的重要时期。黄土高原北部沙漠-黄土过渡带两个自然剖面高分辨率花粉分析结果显示,该区LGM以来为草原植被景观,但优势群落和伴生植物随气候变化而有所不同,温度和降水变化对植被演替有着重要的控制作用。气候干冷时,以耐干旱的草本植物种属为主,群落成分单一,植被盖度低;增温期和高温期,出现少量暖温带乔木植物如胡桃科、栎属等,植被盖度高,群落发育良好。全新世暖期是植被发育良好、植被盖度高的适宜期。本研究为黄土高原地区未来增温下植被响应的分析提供了历史相似型。Human culture was profoundly influenced by climate change. The increasing warmth of the anathermal in the Last Deglaciation and the Megathermal Period of the Holocene are two important periods for cultural evolution. Sensitive vegetation responses to climate change can be traced by fossil pollen records. The loess-paleosol sections of Caijiagou（CJG）, Yulin （38.1°N, 109.8°E） and Hanjialiang（HJL）, Fugu（39.5°N, 111.1°E）, located in the desert-loess transition zone, northern Loess Plateau, were selected to conduct high-resolution pollen analysis. Based on a field survey, as well as the comparison of magnetic susceptibility curves, grain size curves and the δ^18O record of stalagmite from Sanbao/Hulu caves during the last 50 ka, we established a depth-age mode of these profiles. Forty-four pollen samples were palynologically identified to rebuild the vegetation succession in the region, and to explore its response to climate changes since the LGM. At least 300 pollen grains were counted for most samples. Forty-seven families and 20 genera of pollen were identified. Four to five pollen assemblage zones were divided according to the variations of major pollen percentages, pollen concentrations and modem surface pollen research for the CJG and HJL profiles, respectively. A detailed history of vegetation succession and its response to climate changes since the LGM was reconstructed. For the CJG section, the pollen assemblage consisting mainly of Artemisia seems to represent a desert steppe during the LGM. During the Last Deglaciation, the pollen assemblage mainly consisting of Rununculaceae and Poaceae might reflect the appearance of a sparse steppe environment. In the Younger Dryas, the Artemisia and Poaceae assemblage might suggest the development of a meadow steppe. During the Holocene Optimum, the meadow-steppe dominated by Artemisia appeared. For the HJL section, steppe dominated by Artemisia lasted from the LGM to the Holocene Optimum, but the pollen concentration of the Last Deglaciation and

关 键 词：沙漠/黄土过渡带 MIS3阶段 花粉记录 植被演替 增温响应 

分 类 号：K871.11[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]