中国对外直接投资逆向技术溢出效应——基于行业差异的检验分析  

Outward Direct Investment and Reverse Technology Spillovers in China:A Study on Industrial Variation

作　　者：柴庆春[1] 张楠楠[1] 

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学商学院

出　　处：《中央财经大学学报》2016年第8期113-120,共8页Journal of Central University of Finance & Economics

摘　　要：近年来我国的对外直接投资增长迅速,2014年已经超过我国吸引的外商投资成为资本净流出国。以获得国外先进技术为动机的对外直接投资是否带来了我国的技术进步,在理论和实证检验两个层面都是需要进行广泛而深入研究的课题。笔者在Lichtenberg与Potterie提出的L-P模型基础上,采用我国2006—2012年11个行业的对外直接投资额,测算在11个主要国家投资所产生的研发溢出,利用灰色综合关联度分析法,分析了我国对外直接投资产生的海外研发溢出与基于数据包络分析法(DEA)的Malmquist生产率指数之间的相关关系,验证了我国的对外直接投资产生了较为显著的逆向技术溢出效应。通过对外直接投资ODI渠道溢出到国内的国外研发存量能够显著地带动国内全要素生产率的进步,即中国的对外直接投资带来了国内的技术进步;投资者所在行业存在逆向技术溢出效应的差异,制造业和科学研究与技术服务业等行业的逆向技术溢出与行业生产率的关联度较强,而建筑业和采矿业的关联强度较弱。Investors in China expect that their investment will contribute to their technical progress by the acquisition of advanced technology from overseas. In fact,the relationship between the ODI and technical progress is a topic to be studied in both of theoretical field and practical field. We should examine if China＇s ODI caused reverse technology spillover effect. Based on L-P model designed by Lichtenberg and Potterie,by usingthe Grey Correlation Analysis method,and using the data of China＇s ODI into 11 countries in 11 industries which are selected in the period of 2006 to 2012,we analyzed the correlation between the overseas technology spillovers by ODI and the total factor productivity（ TFP） calculated by Malmquist productivity index method based on DEA. The empirical result shows that China＇s ODI caused reverse technology spillovers significantly. Namely, ODI improved the technology. Furthermore, we found that reverse technology spillovers effects are different in various industries. The result shows that reverse technology spillovers effect in manufacture industry is more significant than in construction industry and mining industry.

关 键 词：对外直接投资 逆向技术溢出 技术进步 行业差异 

分 类 号：F276.7[经济管理—企业管理]