土壤中氮磷流失试验研究  

Experimental Study on Nitrogen and Phosphorous Loss in Soil

作　　者：杨瑞[1,2] 童菊秀[1,2] 魏文硕 李佳韵 张效苇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)地下水循环与环境演化教育部重点实验室,北京100082 [2]中国地质大学(tL京)水资源与环境学院,北京100083

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2016年第8期9-15,共7页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51209187);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(2652015116);中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心项目(12120113003800)

摘　　要：为了探讨农田土壤中氮磷对水环境的污染,开展室内模拟降雨试验,通过对比分析不同试验条件下氮磷在地表径流和地下排水溶液中的流失质量分数和流失速率,研究了土壤中氮磷的流失规律。结果表明,同时存在地表径流与地下排水时,地下排水流失的氮占氮流失总量的主要部分,而磷则主要通过地表径流途径流失。总体上来说,土壤中氮磷溶质从地下排水途径中流失比重大,故通过控制流失途径来减少流失时,需优先采取降低地下排水量的措施。当地下排水条件越差、地表最大积水深度越大时,氮磷的流失总量越少;土壤初始含水率越大,土壤中氮磷溶质在地表径流途径中的流失量越大。To explore the water environment pollution caused by nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） loss from the farmland soil, laboratory experiments of simulated rainfall were conducted under different experimental condi- tions. The mass fraction and the rates of N and P in surface runoff and subsurface drainage water were compared and analyzed. It was found that with both surface runoff and subsurface drainage water, only a small part of the N lose into the surface runoff water while most of them lose into the subsurface drainage water. And the P loss in soil was in contract. Overall, most N and P loss from soil were in the subsurface drainage water. So the method to reduce subsurface drainage to reduce soil chemical loss should be considered at first. And the poorer condition of subsurface drainage and the deeper ponded water on the soil surface, the less N and P loss to surface runoff and subsurface drainage water. And the larger initial water content of soil, the more N and P loss to surface runoff wa- ter. The results would provide theoretical support to control the loss of soil chemical and reduce agricultural non- point source pollution.

关 键 词：氮 磷 地表径流 地下排水 土壤溶质流失 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]