内蒙古阴山北麓滴灌马铃薯田氨挥发和氧化亚氮排放特征  

Characteristics of Ammonia Volatilization and Nitrous Oxide Emission under Drip Irrigated Potato in North of Yinshan of Inner Mongolia

作　　者：万伟帆 美丽 红梅[1] 李斐[1] 刘向东[1] 高兴[1] 赵巴音那木拉[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学草原与资源环境学院,呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2016年第8期36-41,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(2015013106);农业部测土配方项目;内蒙古科技英才计划项目(NJYT.15.A11)

摘　　要：采用静态暗箱法和通气法,研究了在滴灌条件下氮肥用量对马铃薯田氧化亚氮排放和氨挥发的影响。结果表明,氮素的气态损失量以氨挥发形式大于以氧化亚氮的排放形式。马铃薯田的氨挥发速率与氧化亚氮排放通量呈现出季节性动态变化,且随着施氮量的增加而增加。马铃薯田氨挥发量均在施肥后第1~4 d出现峰值,氨挥发损失量为2.5~3.6 kg/hm^2,净损失量占施氮量的0.21%~0.42%;马铃薯田的氧化亚氮排放量均在施肥后第3 d出现峰值,氧化亚氮排放损失量为0.64~1.96 kg/hm^2,净损失量占施氮量的比例为0.29%~0.48%。当施氮量达到270kg/hm^2时氮的气态损失量显著高于其他处理。土壤含水率和温度对氧化亚氮的排放通量和氨挥发速率有一定影响,随水分增加,氧化亚氮的排放增加,氨挥发速率受到抑制;温度升高会促进氨挥发速率,但温度对氧化亚氮的排放基本没有影响。Assessment of ammonia volatilization and nitrous oxide emissions play significant role in improving nitrogen use efficiency and reducing environmental risk. The static camera obscura and ventilation method were used to investigate effect of nitrogen rate on N2O emissions and ammonia volatilization in irrigated potato fields. The results showed that ammonia volatilization amount was greater than the N2O emissions. Ammonia volatiliza- tion rate and N2O emission flux present seasonal changes, and increased with the increment of applied nitrogen rate. The content of ammonia volatilization reached the peak after 1-4 days of applying nitrogen fertilizer in pota- to fields. Amount of ammonia volatilization loss was 2.47-3.17 kg/hm2 and net loss accounts for 0.21%-0.42% of N application rate. The content of N2Oemission reached the peak after 3 days of applying nitrogen fertilizer in potato fields. N2O emission loss reached 0.64-1.96 kg/hm2 and net loss accounts for 0.29%-0.48% of N applica- tion rate. Nitrogen gas loss in treatment of 270 kg/hm2 was significantly higher than that in other treatments. Moisture content and temperature influenced N2O emission flux and ammonia volatilization rate. Soil water con- tent promoted the N2O emissions, whereas inhibited ammonia volatilization. A rise in temperature will promote the ammonia volatilization rate, but the change of temperature has no effect on N20 emission.

关 键 词：氨挥发 氧化亚氮排放 施氮量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学] S275.6