高分辨率极化合成孔径雷达成像研究进展  

Advances in High Resolution Polarimetric Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging

作　　者：朱岱寅[1] 杨鸣冬 宋伟 叶少华 

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学电子信息工程学院,雷达成像与微波光子技术教育部重点实验室,南京211106 [2]中航工业雷华电子技术研究所,无锡214063

出　　处：《数据采集与处理》2016年第4期640-664,共25页Journal of Data Acquisition and Processing

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61301210,61301212)资助项目;航空科学基金(20142052020,20142052021)资助项目;江苏省自然科学基金(BK20130815)资助项目;江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目

摘　　要：合成孔径雷达(Synthetic aperture radar,SAR)是一种有效的地球遥感技术,对观测区域进行全天时、全天候的高分辨率大范围成像,在军事侦察、环境监测和地质测绘等领域有着十分广泛的应用。随着雷达技术和地球科学的发展,人们期望能够获取更多的目标特性,传统的单极化SAR已经难以满足越来越多元化的实际应用需求。极化合成孔径雷达(Polarimetric synthetic aperture radar,PolSAR)基于多个极化通道获取目标不同极化状态下的散射特性丰富了SAR图像的信息量,拓展了SAR的应用领域。从极化数据中准确地解译目标的物理特性是PolSAR应用的重要前提。本文对PolSAR的研究进展进行了总结,重点介绍了极化目标分解算法,给出了高分辨率PolSAR实测数据处理结果,并对未来研究方向进行了展望。As an effective technology for earth remote sensing, synthetic aperture radar （SAR） provides high-resolution, wide-swath, day-and-night and weather-independent images for observation region, which has been widely used for military reconnaissance, environmental monitoring, geological mapping, et al. With the developments of radar technology and geoscience, more target characteristics are expected to be acquired. Conventional single-polarimetric SAR has been difficult to meet diversified requirements for practical applications. Based on multi-polarization, poIarimetric synthetic aperture radar （PolSAR） can obtain target characteristics under different polarization state. PolSAR enriches information of SAR images, whose applications are further expanded. Scattering mechanism interpretation is an important bridge between the collected data and real applications. In this paper, the research progress of PolSAR is firstly reviewed, with emphasis on polarimetrie target decomposition. Processing results of real data is presented. Finally, some possible directions for future development are proposed.

关 键 词：极化合成孔径雷达 雷达成像 极化目标分解 散射机理 散射模型 

分 类 号：TN958[电子电信—信号与信息处理]