山东省农业典型地区土壤中PAHs分布特征、来源及生态风险评估  

The Distribution Characterization/Sources and Risk Assessment of PAHs in Different Agriculture Typical Areas of Shandong Province

作　　者：陈庆锋[1] 马君健[1] 郭贝贝[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省大型精密仪器分析应用技术重点实验室//山东省分析测试中心,山东济南250014

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2016年第6期1006-1013,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41003033);国家重大科技水专项(2012ZX07203-004);山东省科技攻关(2012GNC11402)

摘　　要：为了探明山东省农业典型地区土壤中多环芳烃(PAHs)的污染现状,采用GC-MS联用技术定量分析了2008—2011年山东省农业典型地区(济宁、宁阳、寿光)土壤中16种PAHs的含量,并对其分布特征、来源以及生态风险进行了评价。结果表明,16种PAHs的平均质量分数为46.3~149.2μg·kg^(-1),且以萘(NAP)和菲(PHE)为主。寿光地区土壤中16种PAHs的平均质量分数最高,其次是宁阳和济宁。由于0~10 cm的表层土壤受人为干扰因素较大,导致16种PAHs含量在表层土壤中较高,且随土壤深度的增加而逐渐降低。不同使用类型土壤中PAHs含量高低为:水稻土>旱作土>自然土。特征分子比值法结果显示w(PHE)/w(ANT)<15、w(FLT)/w(PYR)>1、w(FLT)/[w(FLT)+w(PYR)]>0.5以及w(IND)/[w(IND)+w(Bghi P)]>0.5,表明该区域土壤中的PAHs主要来源于煤、薪柴和秸秆的不完全燃烧以及木灰和秸秆等有机肥的回田利用。根据荷兰Maliszewska-Kordybach分析方法得到,寿光地区0~10 cm土壤16种PAHs平均质量分数为227.9μg·kg^(-1),属于轻微污染,而宁阳和济宁地区土壤尚处于无污染水平。利用土壤苯并[a]芘的毒性当量浓度(TEQBap)评价PAHs的生态风险,结果表明具有致癌性的7种PAHs是TEQBap的主要贡献者,且荷兰土壤标准中的10种PAHs在济宁、宁阳和寿光3个典型农业区0~10 cm土层的TEQBap平均值分别为0.64μg·kg^(-1)、7.41μg·kg^(-1)和13.61μg·kg^(-1),均低于荷兰土壤管理条例规定的目标值,说明山东省农业典型地区土壤PAHs风险较低。In order to investigate the pollution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） in typical agricultural areas of Shandong Province,GC-MS was adopted to analysis the concentration of 16 PAHs.The distribution,source,and ecological risk of PAHs in three typical agricultural areas（Ji Ning,Ning Yang,Shou Guang） from 2008 to 2011 years were analyzed.The results showed that the concentration of 16 kinds of PAHs ranged from 46.3 to 149.2 μg·kg^-1,NAP and PHE were the major part of 16 kinds of PAHs.The concentration of 16 kinds of PAHs was highest in Shou Guang,followed by Ning Yang and Ji Ning.The concentration of 16 kinds of PAHs was higher in 0-10 cm than other soil layers because of human disturbance,and decreased with depth the of the soil.According to the different usage of soil,the distribution of 16 kinds of PAHs concentration was Rice soilUpland soilUndisturbed soil.The results of molecular ratio method were w（PHE）/w（ANT）15,w（FLT）/w（PYR）1,w（FLT）/[w（FLT）＋w（PYR）]0.5 and w（IND）/[w（IND）＋w（Bghi P）]0.5,suggesting that the primary sources of PAHs were incomplete combustion of coal,fuel wood as well as straw,and utilization of fuel wood and straw.According to the method of Maliszewska-Kordybach,the concentration of 16 kinds of PAHs was 227.9 μg·kg^-1in 0-10 cm soil layer of Shou Guang,indicating that it was at micro-pollution level,and Ni Yang and Ji Ning were at pollution-free levels.Toxic benzo [a] pyrene（Ba P） equivalent concentration to assess ecological risk of PAHs was adopted.The results showed that carcinogenic 7 kinds of PAHs made great contributions to TEQBap.TEQBap of 10 kinds of PAHs in the Dutch soil standard were 0.64 μg·kg^-1（Ji Ning）,7.41 μg·kg^-1（Ning Yang） and 13.61 μg·kg^-1（Shou Guang）,respectively,which were lower than Dutch target values,suggesting that there were low PAHs ecological risk in typical agriculture fields of Shandong Province.

关 键 词：PAHS 农业典型地区 分布 源解析 

分 类 号：X131[环境科学与工程—环境科学]