两类木本植物对岸带土壤氮素的去除作用  

Removal ability of two woody plants to soil nitrogen in the littoral zone

作　　者：郑迪[1] 程锐[1] 王梦瑶[1] 李梦娜[1] 戈鑫[1] 张梦影[1] 罗帅[1] 李永星[1] 章梦月 朱赫男[1] 王丽红[1] 周青[1] 

机构地区：[1]江南大学环境与土木工程学院,江苏无锡214122

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2016年第4期247-253,共7页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：科技部十二五水体污染与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07101-013);江南大学科研创新项目(CXLX13_749)

摘　　要：为了解植物对水体岸边过渡带土壤氮素去除作用的差异和机理,以及为构建生态岸堤带、防治水体富营养化提供理论依据,选用太湖地区常见且适合岸带生长的两类木本植物——乔木马尾松(Pinus massoniana)、广玉兰(Magnolia grandiflora)、香樟(Cinnamonum campora)和灌木火棘(Pyracantha fortuneana)、构骨冬青(Ilex cornuta)、大叶黄杨(Euonymus japonicus Thunb.)、扶芳藤(Euonymus fortunei)、迎春(Jasminum nudiflorum)为试材,采用盆栽试验方法模拟不同氮素水平土壤,研究土壤氮素水平对两类木本植物叶绿素质量比、叶绿素荧光反应、叶片总氮质量比、硝酸还原酶活性(NRA)的影响,反映植物对氮素利用的差异,并比较不同植物对土壤中氮素去除作用的强弱。结果表明,火棘、构骨冬青、大叶黄杨、扶芳藤、迎春、香樟、马尾松的叶绿素质量比、叶片总氮质量比、NRA在3个氮素水平下均增大,且高氮质量比处理最大;广玉兰的上述指标在中氮质量比下增量最大,低氮质量比下增量较小,而高氮质量比下叶绿素质量比和NRA下降。其中对土壤中氮素去除效果最优的灌木是火棘,乔木是香樟。在乔、灌两种类型植物比较中,灌木对土壤中氮素的利用及去除作用明显优于乔木,显现了较强的氮素污染土壤修复能力。因此,在构建具有生态净化作用的岸带、利用植物修复岸带氮素污染的土壤时,灌木应成为优势型。The present paper is aimed to introduce its investigation results on the effects of the three levels of soil nitrogen pollution on the chlorophyll content,the chlorophyll fluorescence,the nitrate reductase activity and even the total nitrogen contents in the plant leaves by way of pot-growing experiments. In order to understand the removing mechanism and the different nitrogen pollutants in the soil of the embankment transition zone in plants,and in turn to provide a theoretical basis for building the so-called eco-embankment and repairing the in-situ contaminated soil with healthy plants to prevent from the so-called seaside eutrophication,we have chosen two species of trees commonly grown in the embankment of Taihu Lake for trial along with some other trees.The results of our experiments demonstrate that the total nitrogen content in Pinus massoniana,Cinnamonum campora,Pyracantha fortuneana,Ilex cornuta,Euonymus japonicus,Euonymus fortunei and Jasminum nudiflorum have been increased in the above said plants whereas the chlorophyll content,the nitrate reductase activity,has been strengthened,whereas the increasing degree of these indices in Magnolia grandiflora have gone up to the greatest degree after being treated with the middle level of nitrogen and diminished treatment at low level of nitrogen except for that the chlorophyll content and nitrate reductase activity were found decreased after being treated. What is more,Cinnamonum campora and Pyracantha fortuneana have been found optimal in removing the soil nitrogen among the trees and shrubs under study. In addition,shrubs tend to have stronger soil nitrogen-removing capacity than the aforementioned trees. Besides,the said shrubs have stronger capability to repair the soil nitrogen contaminant,thus,turning to be the dominant plants in the recovery of the eco-embankment. Thus,it can be concluded that we have found the difference in the removal capability of two kinds of woody plants to soil nitrogen,and disclosed the difference of the two trees in the removal

关 键 词：环境科学技术基础学科 岸带 植物修复 土壤氮去除率 土壤全氮 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]