史前黄铜器及其冶炼工艺  

Prehistoric Brass Objects and Smelting Techniques

作　　者：凡小盼[1] 赵雄伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]重庆中国三峡博物馆,重庆400015

出　　处：《中国国家博物馆馆刊》2016年第8期142-150,共9页Journal of National Museum of China

基　　金：重庆社会科学规划项目(项目编号:2012BS40)的资助

摘　　要：迄今为止,世界范围内共发现了公元前5千纪至公元前2千纪早期的黄铜制品约40余件,分布在爱琴海、两河流域、波斯湾、伊朗、中亚和中国等地。将这些黄铜制品的检测结果及其冶炼工艺进行系统梳理和总结后,得出以下推论:(1)黄铜与砷铜一样,是人类最早使用的一种重要合金;(2)这些黄铜制品中,除少量制品仅含铜、锌元素外,大多数制品还不同程度地含有铅、锡、镍、铁、砷和银等元素中的一种或几种,且元素含量分布范围较广,这一现象与冶炼所用矿石和冶炼条件有紧密的联系;(3)史前黄铜应由铜锌共生矿或混合矿(铜氧化矿和锌氧化矿)冶炼获得,且最初采用的是固体还原工艺,经简单加工成型。共生矿或混合矿冶炼是人类早期认识与利用金属时获得合金的一种主要方式。This paper presents a review of over forty prehistoric brass objects （5th-eafly 2nd millenium BC） found around the Aegean Sea, the Mesopotamia, Central Asia, China, Iran and the Persian Gull Based on detection and analysis of the metallurgical process of these objects, it is concluded that： 1） brass is one of the earliest alloys as important as arsenical copper; 2） some of the objects under discussion contain copper and zinc only, while most objects contain lead, tin, nickel, iron, arsenic, silver and other elements, probably as a result of minerals in use and smelting conditions; 3） these prehistoric brass objects probably came from ores containing zinc and copper or mixture of copper and zinc ores and were manufactured using the solid-state reduction technique in the initial stage. The smelting of mineral intergrowth or mixed ores was an early and important way of producing alloy.

关 键 词：史前黄铜 混合矿 锌 固体还原工艺 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]