山东半岛宁津沿岸潮间带大型底栖动物生态学研究  

Ecological characteristics of macrobenthos found in the intertidal zone of Ningjin, Shandong

作　　者：甘志彬[1] 李新正[1] 王洪法[1] 张宝琳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋科学》2016年第6期41-48,共8页Marine Sciences

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项经费项目(201505004-1)~~

摘　　要：根据2009年11月至2010年8月4个季度(秋、冬、春、夏)对宁津沿岸潮间带2个断面的高潮带(SC1H与SC2H)、中潮带(SC1M与SC2M)和低潮带(SC1L与SC2L)所设6个站位的大型底栖动物生态调查资料,采用种属组成、优势度指数、物种多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度度指数等方法,分析了调查区域内大型底栖动物的生态特征和季节变化。结果表明:宁津沿岸潮间带共采集到大型底栖动物45种,其中甲壳动物为优势类群,共计20种;软体动物14种,环节动物多毛类9种,其他类动物2种。优势种组成方面,甲壳动物钩虾类是4个季度的绝对优势种。调查区域大型底栖动物的年平均生物量为45.09 g/m2;最高生物量出现在秋季,最低出现在春季;空间分布上,除春季外其他三个季度的生物量变化趋势均为中潮带>低潮带>高潮带。年平均丰度为182.67个/m2;最高丰度出现在夏季,最低出现在冬季。宁津沿岸潮间带大型底栖动物的年平均物种多样性指数H′为1.09,季节变化趋势为冬季>秋季>夏季>春季,空间分布趋势为低潮带>中潮带>高潮带。与邻近潮间带文献资料相比,调查区域的大型底栖动物在物种数量、生物量和丰度、物种多样性方面均处于低值水平。The ecological characteristics and seasonal variation of the macrobenthic community in the intertidal zone of Ningjin Town, Shandong Peninsula were investigated on the basis of the samples collected from the surveys conducted in November 2009 and February, May, and August 2010 （representing autumn, winter, spring, and sum- mer, respectively）. Intotal, 45 macrobenthic species were identified, of which, 20 were Crustaceans, 14 were Mol- luscs, 9 were Polychaetes, and the remaining 2 belonged toother benthic taxa. The dominant species varied during the four seasons, with the exceptionof Gammaridea, whichwas predominantall year round. The average biomass from the four surveys was 45.09 g/m^2 with the highest biomass found during autumn and the lowest during spring. The spatial distribution of biomass demonstratedthe tendency as medium tidal zone 〉 low tidal zone 〉 high tidal zone except during spring. The average abundance was 182.67 ind/m^2 with the highest abundance found during summer and the lowest during winter. The annual mean Shannon index （H＇） of the macrobenthos community in the region studied was 1.09; its seasonal variation was winter 〉 autumn 〉 summer 〉 spring, and the spatial variation was low tidal zone 〉 medium tidal zone 〉 high tidal zone. Compared with previous reports of the adjacent areas, all the biological parameters of macrobenthos from the intertidal zone of Ningjin were relatively low.

关 键 词：大型底栖动物 潮间带 山东半岛 宁津 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]