护士职业倦怠与心理健康研究  

Study on nurses' job burnout and mental health

作　　者：马玲 王金祥[2] 李昊[2] 李艳艳[2] 

机构地区：[1]新乡新华医院内科,河南新乡453000 [2]新乡医学院心理学系,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《新乡医学院学报》2016年第8期712-715,共4页Journal of Xinxiang Medical University

摘　　要：目的评估护士心理健康及职业倦怠现状,分析影响护士心理健康水平和职业倦怠的主要因素。方法采用Maslach职业倦怠调查通用量表（MBI-GS）和症状自评量表（SCL-90）对145名护士进行调查。结果 SCL-90各因子中,躯体化、强迫症状、抑郁、敌对及精神病性各因子得分均显著高于国内常模（P〈0.001,P〈0.05）。MBI-GS测评结果显示,个人成就感低落（RPA）得分为24.79±1.71,为高度倦怠;情感衰竭（EE）得分为14.10±1.82,为中度倦怠;去人格化（DP）得分为5.45±1.06,为低度倦怠。30～40岁及〉40岁护士EE和DP维度得分均高于〈30岁者（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）。工作年限〉15 a护士的EE和DP维度得分高于工作年限〈5 a和5～15 a者（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）。工作年限5～15 a护士的EE维度得分高于工作年限〈5 a者（P〈0.01）。已婚和离异护士EE和DP维度得分均高于未婚护士（P〈0.01）。本科学历护士RPA得分高于中专和大专学历者（P〈0.01）,大专学历护士RPA得分高于中专学历者（P〈0.05）。护师和主管护师的EE和DP维度得分均高于护士（P〈0.01,P〈0.05）。结论护士心理健康水平较低,这可能是引起职业倦怠的影响因素之一,护士的年龄、工作年限、婚姻状况、学历、职称等因素影响职业倦怠状况。Objective To evaluate nurse psychologic health and job burnout status,in order to analyze the main influ- ence factors on their mental health and occupational burnout. Methods The questionnaire（MB1-GS） and symptom self-rating scale （SCL-90） were used to investigate 145 nurses. Results Among the factors of SCL-90, the scores of somatization, obsess- ive-compulsive symptoms, depression, hostility and psychotic factors were significantly higher than those of the domestic norm （ P 〈0. 001 ,P 〈0.05 ）. MB1-GS evaluation results show that the reduced personal accomplishment（RPA） score was 24.79 ± 1.71, for a high degree of burnout;emotional exhaustion（EE） score was 14.10 ± 1.82, for moderate burnout, depersonalization （DP） score was 5.45 ± 1.06 ,for low burnout, the EE and DP scores of 30 -40 years old and over 40 years old were higher than those of 〈 30 years old, and the difference was statistically significant （ P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05 ）. The EE and DP scores of working lifetime 〉 15 years were higher than those of working lifetime 〈 5 years and 5 - 15 years （ P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05 ）. The EE score of nurse with 5 - 15 years working lifetime was higher than that of working lifetime 〈 5 years （P 〈 0.01 ）. The EE and DP scores of married and divorced nurse were higher than those of unmarried nurse（P 〈 0.01 ）. The undergraduate educa- tion nurses＇ RPA score was higher than secondary school education and tertiary education（ P 〈 0.01 ）, tertiary education nur- ses＇ RPA score was higher than secondary school education （P 〈 0.05 ）. The EE and DP scores of nursing practitioner and nurse-in-charge were higher than those of nurse （P 〈 0.01 ,P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions The nurses＇ mental health level is low, which may be one of the influencing factors of job burnout. The age, working age, marital status, educational background, profes- sional title and other factors may affect job burnout.

关 键 词：护士 心理健康 职业倦怠 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]