稻草还田配施腐解菌剂对水稻土壤微生物的影响  

Effects of Rice Straw Returning Plus Straw Decomposition Agent on the Rice Soil Microbial Diversity

作　　者：魏赛金[1] 黄国强[1] 倪国荣[1] 吕伟生[1] 谭雪明[1] 曾勇军[1] 涂国全[1] 石庆华[1] 潘晓华[1] 

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学生物科学与工程学院/双季稻现代化生产协同创新中心/江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室/江西省农业微生物资源开发与利用工程实验室,江西南昌330045

出　　处：《核农学报》2016年第10期2026-2032,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD16B04;2012BAD04B11);江西省科技计划项目(20144BBF60003)

摘　　要：为探讨稻草还田配施腐解菌剂对水稻土壤微生物的影响,通过田间设置稻草还田(CK)和稻草还田配施腐解菌剂(SM)试验,结合常规的分析手段和基于16Sr DNA的末端限制性片段长度多态(TRFLP)技术研究了复合腐解菌剂促腐稻草全量还田后水稻产量、土壤矿质成分及土壤微生物多样性的变化。结果表明,与CK相比,SM的土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷含量和水稻产量分别提高了15.0%、31.0%、98.0%和5.9%;细菌、放线菌和真菌数量分别增加了14.66倍、1.50倍、2.78倍;亚硝化细菌、硝化细菌、反硝化细菌、好气性自生固氮菌、好气性纤维素分解菌、无机磷细菌、有机磷细菌、铁细菌和硅酸盐细菌数量分别提高了119.8%、55.6%、51.9%、40.5%、107.4%、70.8%、145.2%、140.1%、70.0%。T-RFLP分析表明,在SM中,与碳、硫循环相关的微生物、抗致病菌、有益菌数量增加,病原菌数量减少,群落结构变化显著。综上,在稻草全量还田机插栽培条件下,与单一稻草还田相比,添加促腐菌剂能更有效提高土壤矿质养分和改善土壤微生物群落的功能多样性,从而增加水稻产量。本研究结果为合理利用稻草还田提供了科学依据。To explore the effects of straw returning plus application straw decomposition agent on the rice soil microbial,a field experiment was conducted with treatments of single straw returning（ CK） and straw returning plus straw decomposition agent（ SM）. Soil microbial diversity, mineral nutrient and crop yield were analyzed by routine approaches and Terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism（ T-RFLP）. The results showed that compared with CK,the soil organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and grain yield under SM was increased by 15. 0%,31. 0%,98. 0% and 5. 9%,respectively. Bacteria,Actinomycetes and Moulds were increased by 14. 66,1. 50 and2. 78 times higher than that of CK,respectively. In addition,nitritebacteria,nitrobacteria,denitrifyingbacteria,aerobic nitrogen-fixing bacteria,aerobic cellulose decomposing bacteria,inorganic phosphate bacteria,organic phosphorus bacteria,iron bacteria and silicate bacteria were improved by 119. 8%,55. 6%,51. 9%,40. 5%,107. 4%,70. 8%,145. 2%,140. 1% and 70. 0%,respectively. T-RFLP results showed that the bacterial abundance relating to the cycling of C and S,the anti-pathogen bacteria and other beneficial bacteria raised and phytopathogens bacteria declined in SM soil,and the diversity of microbial community structure was changed significantly. In conclusion,we concluded that straw returning plus straw decomposition agent had more improved for soil mineral nutrient,the soil microbial function diversity and crop yield than single straw returning. Thus this study provides a scientific basis for straw returning.

关 键 词：微生物菌剂 稻草还田 产量 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] S154.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]