护理学科发展及人力资源现状调研分析与思考  

Analysis and reflection on the development of the nursing discipline and human resources

作　　者：屈欢[1,2] 姜桂春[1] 董雯[3] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省肿瘤医院护理部,沈阳市110000 [2]大连医科大学 [3]大连医科大学人力资源部

出　　处：《中国护理管理》2016年第8期1086-1091,共6页Chinese Nursing Management

摘　　要：目的:把握国内外护理学科发展及人力资源现状,分析影响护理学科发展的重要因素。方法:系统检索国内外高等教育统计网站,世界卫生组织、国际护士协会、世界银行、国家卫生计生委网站,采用Excel软件进行统计分析。结果:我国护理一级学科的定位与美国相比晚了将近30年,二级学科专业设置现状模糊,2012年<35岁的护士人群比例为57.2%,护士工作年限≥20年的护士比例为29.5%,拥有大专及以上学历的护士比例为56%,拥有学士学位及以上学历的护士比例仅为10.6%,护士高低职称比例为1:36.1;2013年每万人口医护比例为1:I.1,法定退休年龄远低于发达国家,平均起始工资医生是临床护士的2.22倍,2014年注册护士数量为300.4万,首次反超执业医师数量。结论:中国护理教育与临床管理系统尚须深入改革,应向发达国家学习,发挥高层次人才在护理学科建设中的重要作用,探索推行临床护士多点执业,稳定护理人力资源的紧张局面,满足不断增长的社会需求。Objective： To investigate the current situation of the nursing discipline and human resources, and analyze the important factors affecting its development. Methods： Data were searched in the following electronic databases, including official websites of higher education statistics both in China and abroad, World Health Organization （WHO）, International Council of Nurses （ICN）, the World Bank, and National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People＇s Republic of China. Data analysis was conducted by using Microsoft Excel software. Results： a） The classification of nursing discipline in China was about 30 years later than in America. The secondary professional settings in China were unclear; b） Nurses younger than 35 years old accounted for 57.2% of all nurses. Nurses with work experiences of more than or equal to 20 years accounted for 29.5%. Nurses with associate or higher degrees accounted for 56%. Nurses with bachelor or higher degrees only accounted for 10.6%. The ratio of nurses with high professional titles to those with low titles was 1 to 36.1; c） By 2013, the doctor-to-nurse ratio was 1 to 1.11. Legal retirement age of nurses was much younger than those in developed countries. The average starting salaries of doctors were 2.22 times of those of clinical nurses; d） By 2014, the number of registered nurses was 3.004 million, which was more than those of doctors for the first time in the history. Conclusion： Nursing education and management systems need to be extensively reformed. We should learn from the developed countries, fully understand the importance of those talent nurses in the construction of the nursing discipline, exploring the implementation of clinical nurse multi-spot practice, stabilizing the shortage situation of nursing human resources, so that to meet the growing needs of the societv.

关 键 词：护理学 学科 发展现状 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]