中美水生生物基准受试物种敏感性差异研究  

Difference of Species Sensitivities for Aquatic Life Criteria in China and the USA

作　　者：王晓南[1] 闫振广[1] 余若祯[1] 王婉华[1] 陈丽红[1] 刘征涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,国家环境保护化学品生态效应与风险评估重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《环境科学》2016年第8期3216-3223,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07501-003);环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室自由探索基金项目(SKLECRA2014OFP06)

摘　　要：我国已经系统地采用物种敏感度分布(species sensitivity distribution,SSD)法开展水生生物基准研究工作.由于水体污染物种类繁多,因此在建立我国水生生物基准的过程中面临着本土生物毒性数据缺乏的问题.本研究通过物种敏感性比较,以美国为例对采用非本土生物毒性数据来推导我国水生生物基准的可行性进行了分析.首先,以US EPA推荐的58种污染物的水生生物基准为基础,筛选出中美两国共有的且生物毒性数据满足'3门8科'要求的10种污染物:As(Ⅲ)、Cr(Ⅵ)、Hg、Cu、Pb、Zn、硝基苯、对硫磷、毒死蜱、三丁基锡;然后,采用双样本Kolmogorov-Smirnov(K-S)检验法和重要点位(hazardous concentration for 5%of the species and 50%of the species,HC5和HC50)差异分析法对10种污染物的中美物种敏感性差异进行研究.结果表明:通过双样本K-S检验得出中美物种对Cu、毒死蜱、三丁基锡的敏感性分布存在显著性差异(P<0.05);通过重要点位值进行差异比较得出中美两国Cr(Ⅵ)、毒死蜱的HC5值差异超过一个数量级,毒死蜱的HC50值差异超过一个数量级,表明有些污染物[如:Cr(Ⅵ)、毒死蜱等]的中美间物种敏感性差异较大,在这种情况下直接采用美国的生物毒性数据或基准值来保护我国的水生生物,可能会存在'欠保护'或'过保护'的风险.Recently,China has commenced water quality criteria（ WQC） research using the species sensitivity distribution（ SSD）method. However,it is difficult to obtain sufficient toxicity data on native species for thousands of contaminants. In this study,the feasibility of deriving aquatic life criteria using toxicity data from non-native species was analyzed（ taking the USA as an example）.Firstly,10 pollutants [As（ Ⅲ）,Cr（ Ⅵ）,Hg,Cu,Pb,Zn,nitrobenzene,parathion,chlorpyrifos,tributyltin]with plenty of toxicity data（ at least 3 Phyla and 8 Families） both in China and the USA were selected based on the recommended aquatic life criteria of 58 pollutants by the US EPA. Secondly,the two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov（ K-S） test and comparison method of important points of HC_5 and HC_（50）（ hazardous concentrations for 5% of the species and 50% of the species） were used to determine the difference of species sensitivity between China and the USA. The result of two-sample K-S test showed that the difference of species sensitivity to Cu,chlorpyrifos and tributyltin between the two countries was significant（ P〈 0. 05）. Additionally,there were significant differences for HC_5 values [Cr（ Ⅵ）,chlorpyrifos] between the two countries,as well as the HC50（ chlorpyrifos）. As a result,there were significant differences for the species sensitivity to some pollutants [Cr（ Ⅵ）,chlorpyrifos,etc. ] between China and the USA.Therefore,in this situation,＂over-protection＂or ＂non-protection＂may happen when using the criteria values or the toxicity data of American species directly to protect the Chinese native species.

关 键 词：水生生物基准 中国 美国 本土物种 敏感性 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]