轨道客车随机振动精细分析方法  

An Accurate Method of Railway Vehicles Random Vibration Analysis

作　　者：刘晓雪[1,2] 郭翰飞[3] 佟维[1] 张有为[2] 

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学交通运输工程学院,辽宁大连116028 [2]大连理工大学运载工程与力学学部,辽宁大连116024 [3]大连交通大学机械工程学院,辽宁大连116028

出　　处：《大连交通大学学报》2016年第5期36-40,72,共6页Journal of Dalian Jiaotong University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11402043)

摘　　要：建立了轨道客车结构随机振动精细分析计算方法和工程应用系统.将求解随机振动的虚拟激励法与分体耦合式振型分解法相结合,大幅提高了结构随机振动分析计算的效率,使车辆动力学计算模型与静强度分析模型的规模有相同量级;有效地处理了比例阻尼和非比例阻尼共存同一模型的复杂阻尼体系,保证数值计算精度.可采用有限元法建立车辆整体结构动力学精细模型,以轨道不平顺谱作为输入激励载荷,进行随机振动仿真计算,除了将车辆运行平稳性的评价精度从"体"提高到"点"外,可以直接进行结构随机应力计算和疲劳寿命评估,从而形成车辆结构全生命周期的完整仿真体系.开发了工程应用系统,并通过工程实例证明方法和应用系统的有效性.实例给出25T型客车详细的结构随机振动响应分布,表明利用该系统可以揭示轨道客车结构任意部位的动态行为和减振效果,扩展了现行车辆系统动力学功能.An accurate method of railway vehicles random vibration analysis and engineering application sys-tems are established. Pseudo excitation and mode decomposition methods are coupled to improve the efficiency of analysis which make vehicle dynamics model with the static strength analysis model has the same order of magnitude. Proportional damping and non-proportional damping models coexisted in the same complex damping system are effectively handled. Finite element method is used to establish the vehicle dynamic accurate model,and track irregularity spectrum is employed to calculate excitation loads,the random structural stress and fatigue life of every point. A complete simulation system life cycle of the vehicle structure is formed. Engineering applications is developed, and the effectiveness of the method and application systems is demonstrated. 25 T vehicle structural distributed random vibration response is given as example to indicate the use of the system to give the dynamic behavior and structural damping effect of the railway vehicles and extend the vehicle system dynamics.

关 键 词：精细分析 虚拟激励法 随机振动 轨道车辆 

分 类 号：U270.16[机械工程—车辆工程]