明清时期完成体否定副词的历时演变和共时差异  

Diachronic changes and synchronic differences of the negative adverbs of perfective aspect in the Ming and Qing dynasties

作　　者：张赪[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院

出　　处：《中国语文》2016年第5期554-565,639,共12页Studies of the Chinese Language

摘　　要：本文对明中叶、明末、清中叶三个历史时期的六部代表性语料中完成体否定副词作了穷尽性考察,从地域分布、语体分布、语法意义发展和句法表现等方面描写各历史时期完成体否定副词内部的共性与差异,在此基础上讨论了明清时期该类副词的历史演变,指出从明至清汉语完成体的否定一直是北方通语用"没"类副词,南方通语用"不曾",否定副词内部在语法意义、与体标记结合使用等方面既有差异,也有共性演变,并与同期汉语体范畴的发展有关,明清时期完成体否定副词的这些特点与现代汉语方言中该类副词的类型及分布直接相关。Based on the investigation of six novels written in the Ming and Qing dynasties,this paper describes the negative adverbs of perfective from several aspects,such as areal distribution,stylistic variation,grammatical meaning and co-occurrence with aspect markers.It then discusses the diachronic evolutions of the adverbs.The conclusion are as follows:1) Mei(没) is a main negative adverb of perfective aspect in early northern Mandarin,but is hardly found in early southern Mandarin,in which buceng(不曾) is used widely;2)Although there are differences in grammatical meaning and usage among the negative adverbs of perfective aspect,they also share common evolutions which are in accord with the changes of the aspect of Chinese;3)The characteristics of the negative adverbs of perfective in the period are closely related to the types of the negative adverbs of perfective in modern Chinese dialects.

关 键 词：完成体否定副词 通语 历史演变 共时差异 明清时期 

分 类 号：H146.2[语言文字—汉语]