说说目前辞书的释义  

On Lexicographical Definition in Current Dictionaries

作　　者：马真[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学中文系,北京100871

出　　处：《辞书研究》2016年第5期31-38,94,共8页Lexicographical Studies

摘　　要：辞书的灵魂是释义。词的释义对人们正确了解并运用词语关系极大。文章以大量事例说明,作为中型语文辞书精品的《现代汉语词典》从1960年出版的试印本到2012年的第6版,编者的功夫主要就花在词的释义上,而且卓有成效,在释义科学性方面不断提高。同时指出,目前辞书在释义上还存在诸多问题,主要是:义项缺漏;误将句法格式的意义归到句法格式中某个虚词的身上;考虑不周密,表述不恰当,不准确;不注意吸收已有的研究成果。文章最后指出,词的释义是很难的,往往不可能一步到位,得细细推敲斟酌,不断深化,正可谓"辞书修订无止境"。Entry definition is part and parcel of a dictionary,which greatly helps the user with his understanding and use of the word in question. Taking abundant examples from the 6th editions of Contemporary Chinese Dictionary,a quality medium-sized dictionary of Chinese,published in a span of 52 years,this article demonstrates how the definition in this dictionary had been improved constantly to become effective and scientific. Meanwhile,it also pinpoints some problems with entry definition in current dictionaries,including the lack or omission of sense items,mistaking contextual meaning of functional words as word meaning,inappropriate or incorrect definition,and failure to integrate state-of-the-art academic research results into entry definition. It finally points out that entry definition cannot possibly be perfected once and for all;it should be improved step by step with in-depth research. That is also why dictionary revision is considered as perpetual work.

关 键 词：辞书 词的释义 释义科学性 

分 类 号：H164[语言文字—汉语]