什么是物种:进化连续性与分类间断性冲突的产物  

What is a species: Conflict between evolutionary continuity and taxonomic discontinuity

作　　者：卢宝荣[1] 王哲[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学生命科学学院生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,上海200438

出　　处：《科学通报》2016年第24期2663-2669,共7页Chinese Science Bulletin

摘　　要：物种是生物有机体分类的最基本单元.但由于人们对物种认识的差异,形成了众多的物种概念,因此很难对物种给出一个准确而又统一的定义.目前比较有代表性的物种概念包括分类学物种、达尔文物种、生物学物种以及系统发育物种,它们各自从物种的分类、进化、生殖隔离以及祖先与后裔关系的属性,对物种概念进行了解析和阐明.物种是生物进化和分类需求的产物,进化的连续性与分类的间断性,导致不同学者对物种的基本属性,即物种是自然单元还是人为单位的争议.作为生物进化的产物,物种具有既连续、又间断的动态属性.因此对于物种的认识、理解和定义,可以按照不同的研究目标和需求来进行把握,而无需强求一个标准和统一的概念.What is a species？ This is a question seemingly simple but difficult to be addressed clearly. If only by a simple definition, a ＂species＂ can be described as the basic category or unit for taxonomic classification of organisms（including animals, plants, and microbes）. On the other hand, it is extremely difficult to define a ＂species＂ or ＂species concept＂ that are generally acceptable by all biologists. Substantial debates exist over the ＂species concept＂ and have lasted for more than a contrary. During this time span, many species concepts have been proposed by various groups of biologists who work in different disciplines. However, it is extremely difficult to have a clear definition for ＂species＂ and particularly for ＂species concept＂ that are universally agreeable. Among the proposed species concepts, only some of them are influential, including those： taxonomic species concept, Darwin＇s species concept, biological species concept, genetic species concept, and phylogenetic species concept. Obviously, biologists who proposed their species concepts attempt to interpret what ＂species＂ are only by emphasizing the specific features of a species appreciable from their perspectives. For example, biologists who have proposed taxonomic species concept highlight the classification feature of a species; whereas those who have Darwin＇s species concept stress the evolutionary process of a species. Disagreements always exist among biologists when define the species concept. Some biologists believe that a species is a natural unit, which is strictly followed for the classification of a species. However, other biologists do not believe a species to be a natural unit, instead, they emphasize more on the evolution and reproductive aspects of a species. The extreme groups even reject ＂species＂ as a natural units. They only accept individuals as the natural unit. Obviously, the dilemma is due to the diverged understanding and opinion of species. We know that species are the outcomes of

关 键 词：物种概念 进化单位 分类阶元 形态变异 生殖隔离 系统生物学 

分 类 号：Q11[生物学—普通生物学]