考虑个体差异的改进PSO人群疏散模型  

Improved PSO Crowd Evacuation Model Considering Individual Differences

作　　者：薛李生辉 王坚[1] 王超[1] 戴毅茹[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学CIMS中心,上海201804

出　　处：《中国公共安全（学术版）》2016年第3期40-44,共5页China Public Security(Academy Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金"基于群智能的突发事件区域人群疏散模型研究"(项目编号:71273188)

摘　　要：利用粒子群算法对公共场所突发事件的人群疏散,进行建模仿真,研究人群的特性对疏散的影响。本文研究人群反应时间、人群密度影响下的疏散速度和人群分类三方面对疏散时间的影响。忽略反应时间,会因人群同一时间开始疏散而加剧出口拥挤,所以在模型中加入人群反应时间;分析场景中个体之间互相作用,把动态的单位面积个体数(即人群密度)所决定的速度,作为该个体疏散运动的速度上限,研究人群密度对疏散过程的影响;由于个体差异,如运动能力等综合因素,把疏散场景中群体,分为男、女、老、少,对比不同的分类人群的比例对疏散时间所产生的影响;结果表明,在同一疏散场景下,忽略人群特性而得到的疏散时间,与实际情况存在一定程度上的差别。从人群特性出发,对模型完善,使其更贴近于实际灾害场景。Based on particle swarm optimization algorithm for public emergency evacuation, by modeling and simulation to study the impact of the crowds＇ characteristics on the evacuation. This paper mainly focuses on the effects of the reaction time, the population density and the crowds＇ classification on evacuation time. Neglecting the evacuation reaction time may aggravate the rush in exits because of evacuating at the same time, so add evacuation reaction time to the evacuation model. Considering the interrelation between the personnels, set the speed determined by the dynamic population density as the personnel＇s evacuation speed limit, and study the population density＇s effects on evacuation process; due to individual differences, this paper divide the population into men, women, the old and the young, and compare the different proportion＇s effects on evacuation. The results show that, ignoring the population characteristics, the evacuation time is largely different from the actual situation. Starting from the crowd characteristics, improve the model and make it more close to the actual disaster scene.

关 键 词：PSO人群疏散模型 个体差异 疏散反应时间 人群密度 人群分类 

分 类 号：X956[环境科学与工程—安全科学]