Genome of Plant Maca （Lepidium meyenil） Illuminates Genomic Basis for High-Altitude Adaptation in the Central Andes  

作　　者：Jing Zhang Yang Tian Liang Yan GuanghuiZhang Xiao Wang Yan Zeng Jiajin Zhang Xiao Ma Yuntao Tan Ni Long Yangzi Wang Yujin Ma Yuqi He Yu Xue Shumei Hao Shengchao Yang Wen Wang Liangsheng Zhang Yang Dong Wei Chen Jun Sheng 

机构地区：[1]College of Life Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China [2]College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China [3]Key Laboratory of Pu-erh Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China [4]Pu'er Institute of Pu-erh Tea, Pu'er 665000, China [5]Yunnan Research Center on Good Agricultural Practice for Dominant Chinese Medicinal Materials, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunrning 650201, China [6]State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China [7]University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China [8]School of Science and Information Engineering, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China [9]College of Life Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650504, China [10]Public Technical Service Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China [11]Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China [12]Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China [13]yunnan Research Institute for Local Plateau Agriculture and Industry, Kunming 650201, China [14]These authors contributed equally to this article.

出　　处：《Molecular Plant》2016年第7期1066-1077,共12页分子植物（英文版）

摘　　要：Maca （Lepidium meyenii Walp, 2n = 8x = 64）, belonging to the Brassicaceae family, is an economic plant cultivated in the central Andes sierra in Peru （4000-4500 m）. Considering that the rapid uplift of the central Andes occurred 5-10 million years ago （Ma）, an evolutionary question arises regarding how plants such as maca acquire high-altitude adaptation within a short geological period. Here, we report the high-quality genome assembly of maca, in which two closely spaced maca-specific whole-genome duplications （WGDs; ~6.7 Ma） were identified. Comparative genomic analysis between maca and closely related Brassicaceae species revealed expansions of maca genes and gene families involved in abiotic stress response, hormone signaling pathway, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis via WGDs. The retention and subsequent functional divergence of many duplicated genes may account for the morphological and physiological changes （i.e., small leaf shape and self-fertility） in maca in a high-altitude environment. In addition, some duplicated maca genes were identified with functions in morphological adaptation （i.e., LEAF CURLING RESPONSIVENESS） and abiotic stress response （i.e., GL YClNE-RICH RNA-BINDING PROTEINS and DNA-DAMAGE-REPAIR/TOLERATION2） under positive selection. Collectively, the maca genome provides use- ful information to understand the important roles of WGDs in the high-altitude adaptation of plants in the Andes.Maca （Lepidium meyenii Walp, 2n = 8x = 64）, belonging to the Brassicaceae family, is an economic plant cultivated in the central Andes sierra in Peru （4000-4500 m）. Considering that the rapid uplift of the central Andes occurred 5-10 million years ago （Ma）, an evolutionary question arises regarding how plants such as maca acquire high-altitude adaptation within a short geological period. Here, we report the high-quality genome assembly of maca, in which two closely spaced maca-specific whole-genome duplications （WGDs; ~6.7 Ma） were identified. Comparative genomic analysis between maca and closely related Brassicaceae species revealed expansions of maca genes and gene families involved in abiotic stress response, hormone signaling pathway, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis via WGDs. The retention and subsequent functional divergence of many duplicated genes may account for the morphological and physiological changes （i.e., small leaf shape and self-fertility） in maca in a high-altitude environment. In addition, some duplicated maca genes were identified with functions in morphological adaptation （i.e., LEAF CURLING RESPONSIVENESS） and abiotic stress response （i.e., GL YClNE-RICH RNA-BINDING PROTEINS and DNA-DAMAGE-REPAIR/TOLERATION2） under positive selection. Collectively, the maca genome provides use- ful information to understand the important roles of WGDs in the high-altitude adaptation of plants in the Andes.

关 键 词：genome sequencing whole-genome duplication high-altitude adaptation Brassicaceae Lepidium leaf morphogenesis SELF-INCOMPATIBILITY 

分 类 号：Q949.748.3[生物学—植物学] X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]