周期性盐度波动对凡纳滨对虾游离氨基酸含量及渗透调节相关基因表达的影响  

Effects of periodic salinity fluctuations on free amino acid contents and transcription patterns of osmo-related genes in Litopenaeus vannamei

作　　者：张丹[1,2] 王芳[1,2] 董双林 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学教育部海水养殖重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2016年第5期1130-1136,共7页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2014CM042);青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室鳌山科技创新计划项目(2015ASKJ02)

摘　　要：在实验室条件下,以盐度30为对照组(S0),4 d为1个盐度波动周期,研究了幅度为4(S4)和10(S10)的周期性盐度波动对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)稚虾离子通道和水通道相关基因表达、游离氨基酸(FAA)含量及其FAA代谢相关基因表达的影响。结果发现:(1)在盐度波动条件下,凡纳滨对虾离子通道相关基因Na^+/K^+-ATPaseα(NKAα)、Na^+/K^+-ATPaseβ(NKAβ)、碳酸酐酶(CA)、V型H^+-ATPase 1(VHA 1)表达量随盐度波动幅度的增加而极显著升高(P<0.01);S4组对虾Na^+/H^+交换因子(NHE)和F型H^+-ATPase 1(FHA 1)表达量显著高于S0和S10组(P<0.05);而Cl-通道蛋白(CLC)表达量在各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);(2)周期性盐度波动极显著影响凡纳滨对虾水通道蛋白(AQP 4)的基因表达(P<0.01),其表达量随盐度波动幅度的升高而下降;(3)周期性盐度波动对凡纳滨对虾肌肉中FAA总量无显著影响(P>0.05);鳃中FAA总量随盐度波动幅度的增加而显著升高(P<0.05),各组甘氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸等含量存在显著差异(P<0.05)。(4)与S0组相比,S10组对虾的丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)表达量极显著升高,S4和S10组对虾的氨基转移酶(AMT)、脯氨酸脱氢酶(PDH)基因表达量极显著降低(P<0.01)。实验结果初步表明,周期性盐度波动条件下,凡纳滨对虾渗透调控在转录水平上产生积极响应,且随着盐度波动幅度的增大,对虾的渗透适应性调控水平升高。在盐度波动幅度达到10时,凡纳滨对虾仍能维持体内的渗透平衡,说明其具有较强的耐受盐度波动的能力。Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, is one of the most important commercially farmed species worldwide because of its rapid growth and osmoregulatory capacity. Abiotic factors such as freshwater inflow, rainfall, and seasonal variations result in fluctuations in water salinity in various aquaculture environments such as ponds and estuaries. To determine the response of L. vannamei to periodic salinity fluctuations, a 30-day experiment was conducted in the laboratory. In this experiment, two salinity fluctuation amplitudes of 4 （S4 group） and 10 （S 10 group） were designed, using constant salinity of 30 （SO group） as the control. The free amino acids （FAA） content, and the transcript levels of genes related to water, ion channels and FAA metablism were determined. Fluctuations in salinity strongly affected the transcript levels of genes related to ion and water channels. With increasing amplitude of salinity fluctuations, the transcript levels of genes encoding Na＋/K＋-ATPase a and 13, carbonic anhydrase, and V-H＋-ATPase 1 significantly increased, while the transcript levels of the gene encoding aquaporin 4 significantly decreased （P〈0.01）. The highest transcript levels of the genes encoding F-H＋-ATPase 1 and the Na＋/H＋ exchanger were in the S4 group （P〈0.05）. The transcript level of the gene encoding chloride channel protein did not differ significantly among the three groups （P〉0.05）, nor did the FAA total contents in muscle （P〉0.05）. However, the FAA total content in the gill was significantly increased by increasing salinity fluctuations （P〈0.05）. Compared with the control shrimps （salinity of 30; SO group）, those in the S10 group showed significantly increased transcript levels of the gene encoding alanine transaminase, and significantly decreased transcript levels of the genes encoding aminomethyltransferase and proline dehydrogenase （P〈0.01）. These results indicate that L. vannamei generates an active response to salinity fluctuations

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 盐度波动 渗透调节 离子通道 水通道 游离氨基酸 基因表达 

分 类 号：S966[农业科学—水产养殖]