我国护理人员与护理教育的现况研究与发展对策  

The current situation research and development countermeasures of the nursing staff and nursing education research in China

作　　者：贺生 甘启英 孙亚男 付雨 

机构地区：[1]四川护理职业学院科研教育研究领导小组办公室,成都610100 [2]四川省成都市龙泉驿区卫生执法监督大队,610100 [3]四川护理职业学院护理系基础护理教研室,成都610100 [4]四川护理职业学院护理系内科护理教研室,成都610100

出　　处：《中华医学教育杂志》2016年第3期336-340,共5页Chinese Journal of Medical Education

摘　　要：目的 分析全国护理人员和护理教育现状、存在问题并提出对策.方法 采用文献研究法,收集和分析全国护理人员和护理教育等方面的文献文件.结果 截至2013年底,全国共有注册护士278.31万,中专及以下学历者占比40.1％,医护比接近1∶1,城市医疗机构医护比是农村医疗机构医护比的1.5倍;每千人口注册护士2.04人,城市为4.00人,农村为1.22人;综合医院的注册护士数占比55.3％,基层医疗卫生机构注册护士数占比20.7％;在全国2491所高校中,医学院校招生人数40.8万,占比5.8％;中职学校1.23万所,医药卫生类招生人数50.24万,占比10.8％.结论 现代护理教育急需优化层次结构,切实减少中职教育规模,大力发展高职护理教育,形成以高职教育为主体的护理教育体系.Objective Analyze the present situation of the national nursing talent and nursing education,and put forward the strategies.Methods By documents study methods,collect and refer the national nursing talent and nursing education and other aspects of the document and papers.Results By the end of 2013,there were 2 783 100 registered nurses;secondary vocational school and below qualification accounted for 40.1%,the ratio of doctors and nurses was near to 1：1,the ratio of city medical institutions was 1.5 times higher than the rural medical institutions;there were 2.04 registered nurses per thousand persons,4.00 people of city,1.22 people of rural area;the number of registered nurses in general hospitals took up 55.3% of the national total number,basic medical and health institutions accounted for 20.7% of the country;in 2491 universities of our country,medical colleges recruited 408 000 students,it was 5.8% of the total;in 12 300 secondary vocational schools,medical and health schools recruited 502 400 students,accounting for 10.8% of the total admissions.Conclusions Modern nursing education urgently need to optimize the hierarchical structure,to decrease the scale of secondary vocational education,to develop the vocational college nursing education,to form the nursing education system dominated by vocational college education.

关 键 词：现代护理教育 高等职业教育 护理人员 注册护士 医护比 

分 类 号：R47-4[医药卫生—护理学]