新型水土流失监测装置及其应用  

A new device and its application in soil and water loss monitoring

作　　者：杨建民[1,2] 孟凡宪 丛一蓬 张龙[4,5] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑工程学院土木工程系,天津300072 [2]天津大学滨海土木工程结构与安全教育部重点实验室,天津300072 [3]北京市颐和园管理处,北京100091 [4]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072 [5]天津大学文物建筑测绘研究国家文物局重点科研基地,天津300072

出　　处：《中国水土保持科学》2016年第4期113-120,共8页Science of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目"颐和园营建过程研究"(51108306)

摘　　要：测钎法是一种应用广泛的水土流失监测方法,但是传统测钎法难以适应复杂监测地形,缺乏专门测读装置,还会产生较大监测误差,需要对其加以改进。以颐和园万寿山山体为研究对象,针对其山体特征和文物分布状况,选定18块监测场地,发明单钎多点式测读装置,选用改进的测钎法对水土流失进行监测。结果表明:1)18块监测场地考虑了土壤、坡度、植被等因素的差异,可以全面反映万寿山水土流失状况;2)单钎多点式测读装置有效降低了测钎埋点环境条件、测读方式等客观和主观误差,提高了测钎法水土流失监测结果的准确性;3)监测期间,万寿山平均土壤流失值在-3 mm^+1 mm范围内。说明新型水土流失监测装置是可行的,所用水土流失监测方法和数据处理方法,可供其他类似工程借鉴与应用。[Background] Chain pin method is applied widely in monitoring soil and water loss. The traditional chain pin method is insufficient when it is used in complex terrain. Without special measuring device,the monitoring error would be generated, thus the traditional measuring device should be improved. [Methods] According to the topography and cultural relics distribution of the Longevity Hill in the Summer Palace,improved chain pin method was deployed and the pins were produced with stainless steel. After geological exploration and topographic feature survey, hundreds of pins were embedded at 18 sites where there may be serious soil and water loss and be shady for tourists. To reduce the measurement error,a special measuring device was invented. The new device can measure soil and water loss data of measuring pin and more than one points around pin. [Results] Analyzing measured data using the new single-pin multiple-point device,the following results were obtained. 1） Several influencing factors such as soil,slope and vegetation were considered in these 18 sites,which fully reflected the soil and water loss conditions of the Longevity Hill. 2） By the new measuring device,the subjective and objective errors from the environmental conditions and reading data were efficientlyreduced,consequently the accuracy of monitoring the soil and water loss by the method of chain pin increased. Measuring accuracy of traditional method was 5 mm,and the measuring accuracy from new single-pin multiple-point device was 1 mm. 3） Principle of statistics was used to processing data,and the result from analyzing the monitored data showed that during the period of monitoring,value of water and soil loss on the Longevity Hill was in range of- 3 mm to ＋ 1 mm. [Conclusions] The new single-pin multiple-point device of monitoring the soil and water loss was applied successfully on the Longevity Hill in the Summer Palace. The new device is practicable in monitoring soil and water loss and it can improve the precision. During the period o

关 键 词：土壤流失 测钎 测读装置 颐和园 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]