冬春季海岸滨麦碳水化合物变化差异性与其环境异质性的关系  

Relationship between the changes of carbohydrate metabolism in Leymus mollis( Trin. ) Hara and the environmental heterogeneties on coast during winter and spring

作　　者：张婷凤[1] 周瑞莲[1] 张玥[1] 王艳芳[1] 贾有余 

机构地区：[1]鲁东大学生命科学学院,烟台264025 [2]内蒙古农牧科学院资源环境与检测技术研究所,呼和浩特010030

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第16期5182-5192,共11页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31270752);烟台市科技局资助项目(2013ZH351)

摘　　要：以烟台海岸不同生态断带自然生长的滨麦(Leymus mollis(Trin.)Hara)为试验材料,通过在晚秋气温降低和冬季冷冻和春季气温回升过程中滨麦叶片和地下各器官可溶性糖、淀粉和纤维素含量的测定以探讨不同生态断带滨麦在其含量上的差异与环境异质性关系及在滨麦抗盐抗风中作用。结果表明,处在近高潮线(10m)高盐、高水分、强风和低温环境的滨麦根茎和芽粗壮、地上枝叶低矮,春季返青晚;随远离高潮线(50m)土壤盐浓度和海风风速降低,温度增高,滨麦根茎变细,地上枝叶细长,春季返青早,其不同生态断带滨麦形态可塑性与环境异质性相关。随晚秋气温下降不同生态断带滨麦地上部非结构碳水化合物向地下转移,地下繁殖器官根茎和芽成为了非结构性碳水化合物的"库"。在茎和根中可溶性糖向顶芽转移同时淀粉下降,纤维素含量增加。但近高潮线10m处的滨麦,冬季地上非结构性碳水化合物向地下转移较早,芽中储存了较多的非结构碳水化合物,春季返青晚但叶中积累较多的纤维素与其抗冻和抗风相关;而生活在远离高潮线50m处的滨麦晚秋生活期略有加长,冬季转移到地下部的非结构碳水化合物较少,储存量较低,返青较早,其叶片和地下部非结构碳水化合物含量较高与其环境低盐、弱海风及其快速生长相关。因此,不同生态断带滨麦在入冬和春季地上和地下碳水化合物转移和转化上的差异在其适应异质环境、产生形态可塑性、形成多抗逆性中起重要作用。Leymus mollis（ Trin.） Hara growing on coastal dunes at different zones from the high tide in Yantai,China,was used as a study material. The contents of soluble sugar,starch,and cellulose in the leaves and various sections of the root of L. mollis were measured during late fall and winter when the temperature decreased to below 0℃,and in the spring when the temperatures started rising, in order to understand the correlation between changes of carbohydrate levels and environmental heterogeneity and to elucidate the role of physiological plasticity in L. mollis in the adaptation to wind and salt. The results showed that L. mollis grown on dunes near to the high tide line（ 10 m）,characterized by higher salt concentration in the soil,higher moisture level,higher wind speed,and lower temperatures had stronger and thicker rhizomes and shoots,foliage grew closer to the groud,and sprouting commenced later in spring. In contrast,L. mollis growing away from the high tide line（ 50 m）,in the zone characterized by lower soil salinity,lower wind speed,and higher temperature,had thinner roots,slender branches and leaves,and sprouting occurred in early spring. These results indicate that morphological plasticity of L. mollis growing on coastal dunes was associated with environmental heterogeneity. With the drop of temperature in late fall,the non-structural carbohydrates in the leaves of L. mollis were transported to the roots,buds,and rhizome,stored in these organs as a carbohydrate pool. As the soluble sugars were removed from the roots and rhizomes to the buds,the starch content decreased and cellulose content increased in the roots and the rhizome. A difference was detected in the carbohydrate transfer and conversion in L. mollis growing on coastal dunes at different distance from the high tide. L. mollis at the zone near to the high tide line（ 10 m） transferred the non-structural carbohydrates from the leaves to the roots earlier in the winter,stored more non-structural carbohydrates in the roots,and sprout

关 键 词：海岸 滨麦 碳水化合物 环境异质性 冬春季 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]