莎士比亚与血肉之躯的转变  

Shakespeare and the Transition of Human Body of Flesh and Blood

作　　者：彭发胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学外国语学院

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2016年第4期41-49,共9页Foreign Literature Studies

摘　　要：莎剧《威尼斯商人》中,夏洛克的败诉反映了当时人们对"不含血的肉"的观念的普遍认同,或者说集体无意识的默许,其中隐含了文艺复兴时期西方身体观的重大转变。在西方文化中,随着现代人体解剖术的出现和发展,传统的血肉相通的身体观逐渐让位于为血肉分离的身体观。这种转变在包罗万象的莎士比亚作品中留下了大量的文本踪迹,其中既有"四体液说"和放血疗法的明确话语,也有维萨里《人体的构造》的影响和哈维血液循环说的先声,而鲍西亚扭转剧情的判决则成为两种身体观的象征性分界。The defeat of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice reflects universal consensus, or collective unconscious connivance, of the idea of ＂bloodless flesh＂ which implies an important transition of body view during the European Renaissance. In the Western culture, with the emergence and development of human anatomy in the modern age, the traditional body view of flesh and blood in unity gradually gave way to the modern body view of flesh and blood in separation. The transition has left numerous textual traces in the encyclopedic works of Shakespeare, as shown in the explicit discourses of the ＂four fluids＂ and bleeding therapy, also in the influence of Vesalius’ On the Fabric of the Human Body and harbinger of Harvey’s theory of blood circulation. The demarcation of the two body views is symbolized in Portia’s verdict which thereby overturns the narrative of the drama.

关 键 词：莎士比亚 夏洛克 血肉相通 血肉分离 身体观 

分 类 号：I561.06[文学—其他各国文学]