内蒙古河套灌区近30年盐碱化时空演变及驱动因素分析  

Analysis on Spatial-temporal Evolution of Soil Salinity and Its Driving Factors in Hetao Irrigation District during Recent 30 years

作　　者：郭姝姝[1] 阮本清[1] 管孝艳[1] 王少丽[1] 李云鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100048

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2016年第9期159-162,67,共5页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项(201401019;201401001)

摘　　要：土壤盐碱化是制约灌区可持续发展的重要因素之一。基于遥感和GIS技术,利用Landsat TM/ETM数据,分析了内蒙古河套灌区1987-2014年土地盐碱化时空演变,并结合区域气象、水文、灌排等资料,对盐碱化驱动因素进行分析。结果表明,近30年来河套灌区盐碱地经历了萎缩(1987-1993)-缓慢扩张(1993-2006)-萎缩(2006-2014)3个阶段,但总体呈现缩减趋势。从空间分布来看,1987-2006年,在灌区西南部-中部大部-东北部形成盐碱地分布集中带,且集中带经历了从萎缩到逐步扩张的过程;2006年以后,大片盐碱地呈现碎片化趋势。多元逐步回归分析表明,灌区盐碱化主要驱动因素为排灌比、平均地下水埋深和蒸发量。Soil salinity is one of the main factors restricting the sustainable development of irrigation district .This study analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution of soil salinity in Hetao Irrigation District during 1987-2014 based on remote sensing and GIS .Combined with the regional meteorological ,hydrological ,irrigation and drainage information ,the driving factors of soil salinity were discussed . The results showed that the salt-affected area decreased in general during 1987-2014 .The temporal evolution of salt-affected area could be divided into 3 stages ：（i） shrinking phase （1987 -1993）;（ii） slowly expanding stage （1993 -2006）;and （iii） shrinking phase （2006-2014） .Spatially ,there existed a soil salinity concentration zone in the southwest ,most of the central and northeast of Hetao Irrigation District ,and the zone had experienced the process from shrinking to gradually expanding between 1987 and 2006 . However ,the salt-affected land in these core areas presented the trend of fragmentation after 2006 .The multiple stepwise regression model between salt-affected area and related factors revealed that the main driving factors of soil salinity were drainage -irrigation ratio ,average groundwater table and evaporation .

关 键 词：盐碱化 时空演变 驱动因素 遥感 河套灌区 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学] TV93[农业科学—农业基础科学]