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作 者:魏文硕 童菊秀[1,2] 杨瑞[1,2] 张效苇[1,2] 李佳韵
机构地区:[1]中国地质大学(北京)地下水循环与环境演化教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]中国地质大学(北京)水资源与环境学院,北京100083
出 处:《中国农村水利水电》2016年第9期168-173,共6页China Rural Water and Hydropower
基 金:国家自然科学基金项目(51209187);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(2652015116);北京高等学校青年英才计划项目(YETP0653)
摘 要:为了研究不同条件下土壤溶质的迁移规律,考虑到在产生地表径流之前存在地表积水的过程,开展了室内模拟降雨试验,通过对比分析不同试验条件下土壤中吸附性溶质总磷TP与溶解性溶质Cl-在地表径流和地下排水溶液中的浓度和流失速率过程,研究了土壤中TP和Cl-的迁移流失规律。试验结果表明:同时存在地表径流与地下排水时,Cl-的地表径流溶质质量分数C_s远小于地下排水溶质质量分数C_g(C_s=0.010%<C_g=80.700%和C_s=0.010%<C_g=47.580%),总磷TP的C_s均大于C_g(C_s=0.002%>C_g=0.001%和C_s=0.014%>C_g=0.006%),故吸附性溶质TP主要通过地表径流途径流失,而Cl-表现为以地下排水流失为主,且Cl-比TP在地表径流中的流失速率快。在降雨条件下,土壤初始含水率θ0越低(0.041<0.25)、地下排水条件越差(地下排水口高度hd=23cm>0cm)、地表积水深度hp越大(5cm>2cm)等都将导致土壤溶质在地表径流和地下排水中流失质量分数之和(C_s+C_g)越小(0.023%<0.105%、0.71%<28.97%和47.592%<80.71%),可提高土壤溶质的有效利用程度,该成果可为提高土壤溶质的有效利用率和减轻农业面源污染等方面提供理论支持。To explore the migration of soil solutes under different conditions ,laboratory experiments with simulated rainfall were con‐ducted .The process of ponding water on soil surface before runoff was considered .The mass fraction and rate of TP and Cl - in sur‐face runoff and subsurface drainage water were compared and analyzed .The experimental results show that with both surface runoff and subsurface drainage water ,the surface runoff solute quality ,Cs of Cl- is far less than that of the subsurface drainage solute qual‐ity Cg(Cs=0 .010% 〈 Cg=80 .700% and Cs=0 .010% 〈 Cg=47 .580% ) .And Cs for total phosphorus ,TP were greater than Cg(Cs=0 .002% 〉 Cg=0 .001% and Cs=0 .014% 〉 Cg=0 .006% ) .So adsorptive solute of TP is mainly lost via the surface runoff water , and the dissolved solute of Cl - is mainly lost via the subsurface drainage water ,and the lost mass rate of Cl - is faster than that of TP .Most lost TP and Cl- are in the subsurface drainage water ,so the method to reduce subsurface drainage to decrease soil solutes loss should be considered at first .Under rainfall condition ,the lower the initial soil moisture (0 .041〈0 .25) ,the worse the subsur‐face drainage conditions (the subsurface drainage height hd=23 cm〉0 cm) ,the deeper depth of the ponded water on soil surface (5 cm〉2 cm) ,the less sum of solutes mass loss in surface runoff and subsurface drainage water ,Cs + Cg ,(0 .023% 〈0 .105% , 0 .71% 〈28 .97% and 47 .592% 〈80 .71% ) ,which will increase the soil solute efficiency .The results will provide significant refer‐ences for the improvement of the soil solutes utilization and the reduction of agricultural pollution .
分 类 号:TV125[水利工程—水文学及水资源] TV93
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