《金匮要略》方剂命名规律  

Discussion About the Naming Rules of Different Dosage Forms of Prescriptions in Essentials from the Golden Cabinet

作　　者：朱佳玲 周浩 江南[2] 王超[3] 

机构地区：[1]四川医科大学,四川泸州646699 [2]云南中医学院,云南昆明650503 [3]四川省中西医结合医院,四川成都610041

出　　处：《河南中医》2016年第8期1303-1305,共3页Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家中医药管理局中医药行业科研专项项目(编号:201207003)

摘　　要：仲景方剂中最为常见的方剂命名方式即以方剂全部药物命名,易读易记,实用性广;另一种常见方剂的命名方式即是以方中主药和功能命名,因方中药物味数较多,不便命以全部药物,故以主药命名;有一类方剂以特殊方式为其命名,即选取方中主药剂量或全部药物的数量命名;还有一种在主药基础上,适当增加或者减少药物,重新命以方剂之名;有一类方剂不按照方剂命名的一般规律命名,即以方剂煎煮之后药物所呈现的颜色命名,以区别于其他方剂。仲景所载煎剂以方中主要药物或全部药物命名。仲景对于散剂的方剂命名与众不同,一以植物药为主,动物药、矿物药为辅,植物药常常作为方剂的主药,体现"天人合一"的思想;二方剂的命名常以药物的增减变化为主,配伍不同,方剂主证千差万别。丸剂命名除遵循汤剂命名一般规律以外,仅有1首方名是依据方剂来源命名,即崔氏八味丸。《金匮要略》仅有1首方剂命名为洗剂,即百合洗方。仲景命名酒剂均以方剂中所有组成药物命名,酒剂用药少,药量大,煎煮时间长,多作活血化瘀、行气止痛之用。通观《金匮要略》方剂的命名规律,可以为现代中药制定方剂名称提供有效参考,提高方剂命名的规范化,促进方剂理论的研究与发展,为中医药科学化、现代化、市场化提供一个良好的研究平台和实现途径,推动中医药方剂研究的进一步发展。Essentials from the Golden Cabinet determine the naming of different prescription dosage form,make use and memory of prescriptions have simple,intuitive and easy to use features. Clinical medicine use is mainly in the form of decoction. Drugs decocted by water make effective components easy to precipitate. Naming powder,pills,decoction,washing lotion,and wine follow decoction naming general rules,and have their respective characteristics. Zhang Zhong-jing regulates and guides prescription name styles,puts forwards more stringent requirements for later doctors in choosing prescriptions and drugs in clinical practice.Only those prescriptions with clear and accurate clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment,simple and intuitive names,can be recognized and accepted by doctors and patients. The Naming Rules of different dosage forms of prescriptions in Essentials from the Golden Cabinet can provide effective reference modern Chinese medicine formulation recipe name,improve prescription naming standardization,promote the research and development of the theory of prescription,provide a good research platform and the realization way for being scientific,modernization,marketization of TCM,promote the further development of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions.

关 键 词：《金匮要略》 剂型 方剂命名 张仲景 

分 类 号：R222.2[医药卫生—中医基础理论]