不同硬度条件下Cd^(2+)和Cu^(2+)对稀有鮈鲫的急性毒性  

Acute Toxicity of Cadmium and Copper to Gobiocypris rarus under Different Water Hardness

作　　者：熊小琴[1,2] 罗思[1,2] 吴本丽 王剑伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]安徽省农业科学院水产研究所,合肥230031

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2016年第3期316-322,共7页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划973项目(2011BAI15B01-41);科技部863计划资源环境领域重大项目(2012AA06A302)

摘　　要：为研究水体硬度对稀有鮈鲫Cd^(2+)和Cu^(2+)毒性效应的影响,开展了96 h急性毒性试验。试验结果发现,当水体硬度(以CaCO_3计,下同)为50 mg·L^(-1)、250 mg·L^(-1)、450 mg·L^(-1)时,Cd^(2+)对稀有鮈鲫的96 h半数致死浓度(96 h-LC50)分别为4.30 mg·L-1、12.06 mg·L^(-1)、19.99 mg·L^(-1),对应的安全浓度(SC)依次为0.430 mg·L^(-1)、1.206 mg·L^(-1)、1.999 mg·L^(-1);Cu^(2+)对稀有鮈鲫的96h-LC50分别为0.046 mg·L-1、0.148 mg·L^(-1)、0.228 mg·L^(-1),对应的SC依次为0.0046 mg·L^(-1)、0.0148 mg·L^(-1)、0.0228 mg·L^(-1)。计算得到Cd^(2+)对稀有鮈鲫急性毒性与水体硬度的拟合方程为ln 96 h-LC50=0.687 ln H^(-1).243(r=0.998);Cu^(2+)对稀有鮈鲫急性毒性与水体硬度的拟合方程为ln 96 h-LC50=0.727 ln H-5.923(r=0.999),Cd^(2+)和Cu^(2+)对稀有鮈鲫的硬度斜率分别为0.687和0.727。这些结果表明,水体硬度可有效降低Cd^(2+)和Cu^(2+)对稀有鮈鲫的急性毒性,且稀有鮈鲫的硬度斜率与其他物种差异较大。在评估不同硬度水体下Cd^(2+)和Cu^(2+)的生物毒性及其生态风险时,应根据测试物种特异的硬度斜率而定。In the present study,the effects of water hardness（ as CaCO3） on the acute toxicity to Chinese rare minnow（ Gobiocypris rarus） were investigated. For cadmium（ Cd）,the 96-h median lethal concentration（ 96hLC50） was 4. 30,12. 06,19. 99 mg·L^-1,under 50,250 and 450 mg·L^-1 concentrations of CaCO_3,respectively,and the corresponding safety concentration（ SC） was 0. 430,1. 206 and 1. 999 mg·L^-1. For copper（ Cu）,the 96h-LC50 was 0. 046,0. 148,0. 228 mg·L^-1,respectively,and the corresponding SC was 0. 0046,0. 0148,0. 0228mg·L^-1,respectively. The relationship between acute toxicity of Cd to rare minnow and water hardness is： ln 96 hLC50= 0. 687 ln H-1. 243（ r = 0. 998）,while for Cu,the relationship is： ln 96 h-LC50= 0. 727 ln H-5. 923（ r= 0. 999）. The hardness slope of toxicity of Cd^2＋and Cu^2＋was 0. 687 and 0. 727,respectively. The results showed that the water hardness effectively reduced the acute toxicity of Cd^2＋and Cu^2＋to G. rarus,and the hardness slope of heavy metals in G. rarus was quite different from that in other species. The present study also imply that the toxicity and ecological risk evaluation of Cd^2＋and Cu^2＋under different water hardness conditions should depend on the specific hardness slopes of different species.

关 键 词：水体硬度 CD^2+ CU^2+ 稀有鮈鲫 急性毒性 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]