行政分权抑或其他?——美国地方自治概念再探析  

Reconsideration of Self-Governance in Local Governments in the U. S.

作　　者：张晓燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学社会科学基础部

出　　处：《云南社会科学》2016年第5期23-30,186,共8页Social Sciences in Yunnan

基　　金：国家社科重大项目"国家治理现代化过程中的依法治国与以德治国关系研究"(项目号:14ZDC005);上海哲社青年项目"国家治理现代化背景下的公民法治观念理论内涵和培育对策研究"(项目号:2015EKS002)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：中央与地方关系模式的理性反思是行政法治建设中举足轻重的问题。由于各国政治、文化和历史等背景语境的差异,对于各国地方自治经验的关照存在不同程度的偏差,这种偏差在一定程度上妨碍了彼此的关照、反思和借鉴。不同于常规聚焦于以中央与州的关系为核心的联邦制度诠释来理解美国地方自治,事实上,超出传统的规范范式,美国国家建构并非单纯的理性产物,同时也包括了神圣性的另外架构,理念与实践深受其宗教传统影响。以此为背景,通过对其作为立国观念基础的建国哲学以及制度基础的宪法文本的解读,展现了美国地方自治实践中所蕴含的特有的处理央地关系的政治理性和法治逻辑。自治除却通常意义上所彰显的政府内部行政分权的治理理性,更包含了一种公共治理中对发掘存在于人民当中的理性力量与道德勇气的关照。The relationship between central and local governments is one of key issues in the development of administration under the rule of law in China. The practice of self- governance in American local governments implies significant political rationality and logic of rule of law,which merits attention when we consider and solve Chinese issues.By field- research of the practice of local government,and by ideational and institutional analysis of religious tradition as founding philosophy and Constitution in the United States,a conclusion can be drawn that self- governance in local government does not only mean administrative decentralization,but also includes the constitutional solicitude of citizenship,which means the governance by the people.

关 键 词：地方自治 政治理性 法治 

分 类 号：D621[政治法律—政治学]