过渡金属和主族元素杂化轨道机制差异的研究  

The Difference between the Hybridized Orbital of Transitional Element and Main Group Element

作　　者：廖荣宝[1] 朱云[1] 师瑞娟[1] 刘俊龙[1] 凡素华[1] 李慧泉[1] 崔玉民[1] 

机构地区：[1]阜阳师范学院化学与材料工程学院,安徽阜阳236000

出　　处：《重庆师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2016年第5期148-151,共4页Journal of Chongqing Normal University:Natural Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.21201037);阜阳师范学院科研项目(No.2015FSKJ04ZD)

摘　　要：结合[Ag(NH_3)_2]^+、[Zn(NH_3)_4]^(2+)、IO_6^(5-)、IF-4等多个案例分子的结构,讨论了主族元素原子与过渡金属元素原子作为中心原子时的杂化轨道差异。结果表明:1)中心原子属于主族元素时,杂化轨道中可以尽量多地填充孤电子对;而中心原子属于过渡金属时,杂化轨道中一般不能填入孤电子对。2)中心原子属于主族元素时,周围的价层电子对数量与杂化轨道数量一致;而中心原子属于过渡金属时,周围的价层电子对数量一般多于杂化轨道数量。研究结果有助于加深对杂化轨道本质的理解。By the electronic structure discussion of[Ag（NH_3）_2]-＋,[Zn（NH_3）_4]-（2＋）,IO_6-（5-）,IF_4-- and etc.,the hybridized orbital difference between the main group element and the transitional element is discussed,and the conclusions can be summarized as following：1）If the central atom of the hybridized atom is a main group element,the lone electron pair populate in the hybridized orbital.But for the transitional central atom,instead of the hybridized orbital,the lone electron pair of the transitional atom populate in the inner（n-1）d atomic orbital.2）If the central atom is a main group element,the number of the hybridized orbital is equal to the number of valence electron pair.However,for the transitional element,the number of the hybridized orbital is less than the number of valence electron pair.

关 键 词：杂化轨道 主族元素 过渡金属 价层电子 

分 类 号：O641[理学—物理化学]