黄河内蒙古支流“十大孔兑”区风蚀强度时空变化特征  

Spatiotemporal variation of wind erosion intensity in region of Ten Small Tributaries in Inner Monglia branch of Yellow River

作　　者：孙宝洋 李占斌[1,2,3] 张洋[2] 马波[1] 张乐涛[3] 肖俊波[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,杨凌712100 [2]西安理工大学西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室,西安710048 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第17期112-119,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41330858);西北农林科技大学博士科研启动基金(2452015345)

摘　　要：十大孔兑的风蚀作用过程为河道输沙提供了重要的泥沙来源。为揭示十大孔兑风蚀作用规律,选取3种典型下垫面建立风蚀监测小区,利用侵蚀针法对研究区风蚀量及地表形态进行了为期1 a的实地监测。在此基础上,综合当地气象资料,分析研究区风蚀强度及地表形态变化规律,结果表明：1）研究区风蚀强度与平均极大风速呈指数关系,10-11月和4-5月风蚀强度大于全年其他时间,4-5月风蚀强度最大,是全年平均风蚀强度的2～3倍;2）土壤可蚀性颗粒含量大小分别为库布齐沙漠区（94.95%）〉黄土丘陵沟壑区（62.18%）〉黄河南岸冲积平原区（44.51%）。库布齐沙漠区属于中度风蚀,黄土丘陵沟壑区和黄河南岸冲积平原区属于轻度风蚀,十大孔兑3种地形年累积风蚀量估算结果分别为8.74、5.95和5.16 Mt,风沙入黄所占总量比例分别为44.03%、29.97%和26.00%;3）研究区风蚀发生的方向主要为东南方向,监测小区的风蚀过程主要为堆积-吹蚀-推移-再堆积,地表起伏度随风蚀强度增加呈线性增加趋势（R2=0.78,P〈0.05）。研究结果可为防治十大孔兑泥沙淤积与合理配置水土保持措施提供科学依据。Wind erosion is widespread in arid and semiarid regions around the world and it has been considered as a serious environmental threat that leads to change in global biochemical cycles, decline in agricultural productivity, and contributes to climate change. Aeolian erosion provides abundant eroded sediments for channel sediments delivery in the ten small tributaries. In order to reveal the mechnism of wind erosion in the region of ten small tributaries, three plots were established in Dongliugou watershed of the ten small tributaries in Inner Mongolia. The first monitoring plot（40°18′28″N, 110°30′57″E） was located in the criss-cross region of farmland and moving dune, the second monitoring plot（40°09′52″ N, 110°28′5″ E） was located in moving dune and the third monitoring plot（40°04′19″ N, 110°28′17″ E） was located in the criss-cross region of fixed and moving dune. The amounts of wind erosion and the change of surface shape were monitored by the method of pins measurement for 1 year. Combining the local meteorological data with the monitoring data, spatial and temporal variation of wind erosion intensity was analyzed by using the technologies of ArcG IS and Surface 8.0. The results showed that： 1） The average intensity of wind erosion from the plots during the months from April to May in 2014 were 11.54×10-3, 21.11×10-3, and 9.35×10-3 kg/（m2·d）, respectively, and that from October to November in 2013 were 2.96×10-3, 7.03×10-3 and 2.29×10-3 kg/（m2·d）, respectively. The intensity of wind erosion from April to May was 2-3 times stronger than the annual average intensity. The intensity of wind erosion was exponentially related with the maximum wind velocity in the study area. Based on the temporal variation of cumulative wind erosion of the monitoring plots, the proportion of sediments into Yellow River through wind erosion was 60.44%（spring） 〉18.22%（autumn） 〉15.75%（summer） 〉5.59%（winter） in the region of ten small tributaries; 2） T

关 键 词：侵蚀 风 土壤 风蚀强度 时空变化 地表形态 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]