三种长效基肥对安哥诺李施肥效果的研究  

Fertilization Effect of Three Kinds of Long-acting Fertilizer on Angeleno Plum

作　　者：李学玲[1] 郑辉[1] 宋俊伟[1] 李彦慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学,河北保定071000

出　　处：《黑龙江农业科学》2016年第9期35-39,共5页Heilongjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项资助项目(201003058-5);河北省科技支撑资助项目(16236802D)

摘　　要：为了研究农家肥、缓释肥、菌渣处理对安哥诺李李园的施肥效果。以十二年生安哥诺李为试材，采集0～40 cm土样，测定土壤养分；采集树冠外围果实测定果实品质和产量。结果表明：缓释肥更好地提高了土壤的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量，分别比对照提高了25．90％、27．77％、45．76％。菌渣相比于对照将土壤有机质含量提高了88．75％，p H降低了3．32％，效果比其它处理显著。对于果实品质，农家肥极显著地提高了果实锌、镁和可溶性固形物的含量，分别比对照提高了32．62％、82．61％、25．63％。缓释肥显著降低了果实可滴定酸含量，比对照降低了32．58％，显著提高了果实可溶性糖、钙含量，分别比对照提高了19．17％、26．21％。菌渣显著提高了果实的铁含量，比对照提高了30．75％。3个处理均对果实单果重和单株产量起到了显著的提高作用。其中单果重提高效果最好的是菌渣，增重率为10．68％，单株产量提高效果最好的是缓释肥，单株平均产量为48．99 kg ，比对照提高了40．14％。缓释肥极显著地提高了安哥诺李的产量，为果园增加了收入。菌渣能有效改善土壤养分状况，改善果实品质。综合分析3种长效基肥中，施肥效果最好的是农家肥。The 12‐year‐old Angeleno plum was used as experimental material to study the effect of farmyard ma‐nure ,slow release fertilizer ,mushroom residue treatment on soil nutrient ,fruit quality and yield .0~40 cm soil samples and peripheral fruits were collected to determine soil nutrients and to measure the fruit quality and yield .The results showed that the slow release fertilizer improved the content of soil available nitrogen ,availa‐ble phosphorus and available potassium ,and increased by 25 .90% ,27 .77% and 45 .76% respectively compared with the control .The content of organic matter in soil was increased by 88 .75% and the pH was decreased by 3 .32% respectively ,and the effect of mushroom residue was more significant than other treatments .For the fruit quality ,farmyard manure had significantly increased the content of Zn ,Mg and soluble solid content of the fruit ,which was increased by 32 .62% ,82 .61% and 25 .63% respectively .Slow release fertilizer significantly reduced the acid content of the fruit ,which was 32 .58% lower than that of the control .The soluble sugar and calcium content of the fruit was significantly increased ,which increased by 19 .17% and 26 .21% respectively compared with the control .Mushroom residue had significantly increased the iron content of fruit ,the content was 30 .75% higher than that of control .All three treatments increased fruit weight and yield per plant .For the average fruit weight the effect of mushroom residue was the best ,single fruit weight gain rate was 10 .68% ,the best improving effect of yield was slow release fertilizer ,average yield of single plant was 48 .99 kg ,which in‐creased by 40 .14% respectively compared with the control .Slow release fertilizer significantly increased the yield of Angeleno ,and increased the income of the orchard .Mushroom residue could effectively improve soil nu‐trient status and could improve the quality of fruit .Comprehensive analysis of three long‐term fertilizer ,fertiliz‐er w as the best manure .

关 键 词：安哥诺李 农家肥 缓释肥 菌渣 土壤养分 果实品质 产量 

分 类 号：S662.3[农业科学—果树学]